Despite ethical implications, Scarr - studying underrepresented groups/issues can promote a greater understanding + sensitivity towards these groups/issues. This helps reduce prejudice towards groups and encourages acceptance. Rain et al - less gray matter in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) means you're more susceptible to suffer from APD. Short term, stigma about young people with less grey matter in their PFC potentially growing up to be offenders. Long term, it led to early identification of APD and early treatment like social skills development to improve the traits