Neuroanatomy

• What does the CNS consist of

  Brain and spinal cord
• What does the PNS consist of

  The autonomic and somatic NS
• What is the role of afferent nerves


  Carry information from the sensory stimuli towards the CNS
• What is the role of the efferent nerves

  Motor nerves which carry impulses from the CNS to the PNS
• The efferent nerves of the autonomic NS contains the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS
• What is the role of the sympathetic NS


  Prepare the body for fight or flight response
• What is the role of the parasympathetic NS


  Maintain a stable internal environment
• What are the 5 layers of the scalp to protect the brain

  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous connective tissue
  3. Galea aponeurotica
  4. Loose areolar tissue
  5. Pericranium
• What are the 6 cranial bones

  1. Paretial bone
  2. Frontal bone
  3. Temporal bone
  4. Occipital bone
  5. Maxilla
  6. Mandible
• Fissures 


  Narrow opening or crack
• Meninges


  They cover and protect the brain and spinal cord
• What are the 4 layers of meninges

  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid membrane
  3. Sub-arachnoid membrane
  4. Pia mater
• Cerebrospinal fluid

  Plasma contained in the spine which provides nourishment, waste removal and protection of the brain
• What is the name of when information is passed from the right to the left hemisphere

  Ipsilateral
• What is the name of when information is passed from the left to right hemisphere

  Contralateral
• What are the other scientific names for the front

  Anterior, Rostral
• What are the other scientific names for the back

  Posterior, Caudal
• What are the other scientific names for the top

  Dorsal, Superior
• What are the other scientific names for the bottom

  Inferior, ventral
• Sagittal plane of section 


  Splitting the hemispheres in half
• Axil, transverse or horizontal plane of section 


  Through the middle of the brain laterally
• Coronal plane of section


  Through the middle but not splitting the hemispheres in half
• Longitudinal fissure

  Straight down the hemispheres
• Sulcus 


  Valley
• Lateral sulcus 


  Folds in the side of the brain
• Central sulcus 


  Folds on the top of the brain
• Frontal lobe functions

  • Decision making
  • Problem solving
  • Inhibition
• Occipital lobe functions

  • Primary visual cortex
  • Visual association areas
• Parietal lobe

  • Cosmotextile processing
• Gyrus


  Rounded bit in the brain
• Postcentral gyrus


  Somatosensory function (perception)
• Precentral gyrus 


  Motor functions (movement)
• What is the left hemisphere used for

  Language comprehension and production
• What is the right hemisphere used for

  Spatial processing, emotion and music
• Wernickes area 


  Comprehension of language, damage to this area means that you can still talk but not understand language
• Broca’s area 


  Production of speech, damage to this area means you can understand language but not speak
• Where is Brocas area located

  Frontal lobe
• Where is Wernickes area located

  Temporal lobe
• Commissural pathway


  A joining
• Fibre bundles interconnecting regions or structures in the left and right hemispheres between cerebral hemispheres, midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord