photosynthesis

• what type of membrane does a chloroplast have?


  double membrane
• what is found within the stroma?


  starch and enzymes
• where does the light dependant stage take place?


  thylakoids
• where does the light independent stage take place?

  stroma
• what structural features of thylakoids increase photosynthesis?


  they are stacked so max surface area and light absorption
• what is the electron transport chain?


  a chain of proteins which excited electrons flow
• how do electrons move across the chain?


  series of redox reactions
• what is phosphorylation?


  transfer of phosphate group from one molecule to another
• name of synthesis of ATP using light?

  photophosphorylation
• what the wavelengths of both photosystems?


  680 and 700
• order of reactions inside photosystem 2 ?

  photoexcitation , photolysis , photoionization
• what does the electron transport chain provide energy for?


  chemiosmosis ( synthesis of ATP)
• what does NADP reductase do?


  reduces NADP+ into NADPH by gaining 2 electrons and a hydrogen ion
• what is the role of light in photoionization?


  chlorophyll absorbs photons this excites electrons and releases them
• how does chemiosmosis produce ATP?


  protons move down concentration gradient from thylakoid space into stroma via ATP synthase
• what happens to products of photolysis?


  protons used to reduce NADP

  electron replace the ones in chlorophyll

  o2 used for respiration
• what happens during carboxylation?


  reaction between co2 and RuBP catalysed by rubisco forming GP
• what happens during reduction in calvin cycle?


  GP turned into TP using NADPH and ATP leaving NADP and ADP
• limiting factors of photosynthesis?


  co2 , light , temperature , water