Geo Uk in the 21st century

• Who are the presenters of the chalkboard session on the UK in the 21st century?

  Mr. Hatchell and Mr. Candlin
• What is the main focus of the chalkboard session discussed by Mr. Hatchell and Mr. Candlin?


  The overview of the UK in the 21st century
• What are the physical characteristics of the UK?


  • Most of the east is lowland and flat (0-100 meters above sea level)
  • The west has mountain ranges, particularly in Wales and northern Scotland
  • Mountainous areas are sparsely populated due to unsuitable landscape for housing
  • South and east areas are densely populated due to suitable land for settlements
• What is the elevation range for the lowland areas of the UK?


  0 to 100 meters above sea level
• Why are mountainous areas in the UK sparsely populated?


  Because the landscape is unsuitable for building houses and towns
• How does the landscape affect population density in the UK?


  Flat and fertile areas support more settlements, while mountainous areas are sparsely populated
• What is the T's X line mentioned by Mr. Candlin?


  It is an invisible line separating uplands from lowlands in the UK
• What are the main types of farming in the UK based on landscape?

  • Arable farming:
  • Found in the south and east
  • Suitable for growing crops
  • Pastoral farming:
  • Found in upland areas
  • Involves raising animals like sheep and cows
• Why is arable farming more common in the south and east of the UK?


  Because the landscape and climate are more suitable for growing crops
• What type of farming is practiced in the mountainous areas of the UK?

  Pastoral farming
• What is the significance of the sheep and goats in upland farming?


  They are resilient animals that can survive harsh conditions
• How does the transport of dairy products relate to farming in the UK?


  Dairy cows are kept in valleys for easier access to transport facilities
• What factors influence population distribution in the UK?

  • Landscape suitability for housing and farming
  • Climate conditions affecting agriculture
  • Availability of transport networks
  • Economic opportunities in urban areas
• What is the population density in central London?


  5,000 plus people per square kilometer
• What is urban sprawl?


  It is the geographical spreading of a city due to population increase
• How does urbanization affect population distribution in the UK?


  Urban areas are expanding as more people move for jobs and amenities
• What are the rainfall patterns in the UK related to geography?


  • Upland areas receive high rainfall (2000-2500 mm/year)
  • Lowland areas receive low rainfall (500-800 mm/year)
  • Relief rainfall occurs due to air rising over mountains
  • Rain shadow effect leads to drier areas on the leeward side of mountains
• What is relief rainfall?


  Rainfall caused by warm air rising over mountains and cooling to form clouds
• What is a rain shadow?


  It is an area that receives less rainfall due to mountains blocking moist air
• How does water stress relate to population movement in the UK?


  In areas with low rainfall, increased population leads to higher demand for water
• What are the consequences of water stress in the UK?


  • Limited water supply in densely populated areas
  • Increased competition for water resources
  • Potential for conflicts over water usage
  • Challenges for agriculture and daily living
• What is the effect of mountain ranges on rainfall in the UK?


  Mountain ranges cause less rainfall in certain areas due to the depletion of moisture in the air.
• Why do people prefer to live in areas with less rainfall?


  People prefer areas with less rainfall for nicer summer days and better overall feelings.
• What is water stress and how is it related to population movement in the UK?


  Water stress occurs when demand for water exceeds supply, especially in areas with increasing populations and limited rainfall.
• How does the population density in Scotland affect its water supply?


  Scotland has a low population density, leading to a surplus of water despite high rainfall.
• How does the water demand in the south and east of the UK compare to the north and west?


  The south and east have higher water demand than the north and west, despite receiving less rainfall.
• What is the current annual demand for new homes in the UK?

  The current demand is for 240,000 new homes per year.
• What is the predicted population of the UK by 2030?


  The predicted population is around 70 million by 2030.
• What are the reasons for the housing shortage in the UK?


  Reasons include opposition to new developments, green belt restrictions, and insufficient construction rates.
• What does the term 'NIMBY' stand for in housing development discussions?


  NIMBY stands for 'Not In My Backyard', referring to opposition to local housing developments.
• What are the stages of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?


  1. Stage 1: High birth and death rates.
  2. Stage 2: High birth rates, falling death rates.
  3. Stage 3: Falling birth rates, low death rates.
  4. Stage 4: Low birth and death rates.
  5. Stage 5: Birth rates fall below death rates.
• In which stage of the DTM is the UK currently classified?


  The UK is currently classified in stage four of the DTM.
• What characterizes stage four of the DTM?


  Stage four is characterized by low birth and death rates, leading to a stable population.
• How does stage two of the DTM differ from stage three?


  Stage two has high birth rates and falling death rates, while stage three has falling birth rates and low death rates.
• What is the impact of healthcare improvements on population growth in stage two of the DTM?


  Healthcare improvements lead to a rapid decline in death rates, contributing to population growth.
• What demographic trends are observed in countries at stage five of the DTM?


  Countries in stage five experience birth rates that fall below death rates, leading to population decline.