OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

• WHERE DOES OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION OCCUR?

  inner mitochondrial membrane
• PROCESS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION?

  1. r.NAD donates 2 electrons to start electron transport chain
  2. r.FAD donates 2 electrons further along electron transport chain
  3. Electrons move along electron transport chain in a series of redox reactions
  4. H+ provided when r.NAD and r.FAD are oxidised
  5. H+ pumped across membrane using energy from electron transport chain
  6. High H+ concentration builds up in intermembrane space
  7. H+ diffuse down electrochemical gradient via chemiosmosis
  8. Movement of H+ through ATP synthase generates a lot of ATP
  9. Oxygen, electrons and protons react to produce a water molecule
• REACTION OF OXYGEN, ELECTRONS AND PROTONS?

  1/2 O2 + 2e- + 2H+ -> 2H2O
• PRODUCTS OF THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION STAGE?

  ATP and H2O
• WHAT IS THE OXYGEN DEFINED AS?

  the final electron accepter
• WHAT IS IMPORTANT IN THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION STAGE?

  ATP synthase/ stalked particles
• WHAT DIRECTION DOES ATP SYNTHASE/ STALKED PARTICLES ALWAYS POINT?

  inwards (towards matrix)
• HOW IS ENERGY RELEASED IN RESPIRATION?


  in stages
• WHY IS ENERGY RELEASED IN STAGES DURING RESPIRATION?

  if a greater energy is released in a single step, more energy is released as heat and less is available for useful purposes
• HOW IS ENERGY RELEASED IN MULTIPLE STAGES?

  little at a time in a series of electron transfer carrier proteins at slightly lower energy levels