Milgram (obedience)

• Who designed the baseline procedure to assess obedience levels?

  Stanley Milgram
• What was the purpose of Milgram's baseline procedure?


  To assess obedience levels among participants
• How many American men participated in Milgram's baseline study?


  40
• Where was Milgram's study conducted?


  Yale University in the USA
• What roles were assigned to the participants in Milgram's study?


  Teacher and Learner
• What was the role of the Experimenter in Milgram's study?


  The Experimenter was a confederate who directed the Teacher
• How were the electric shocks administered in Milgram's study?


  The Teacher administered shocks for each mistake made by the Learner
• What was the maximum voltage of the shocks in Milgram's study?

  450 volts
• What percentage of participants continued to the highest shock level of 450 volts?


  65%
• What signs of tension did participants show during the study?


  Participants showed signs like sweating, trembling, and stuttering
• What did Milgram's participants believe about the shocks they were administering?


  They believed the shocks were real
• What was the prediction made by psychology students regarding obedience in Milgram's study?


  They estimated that no more than 3% would continue to 450 volts
• What was the conclusion drawn by Milgram regarding obedience in his study?


  German people are not different; Americans also obey orders that may harm others
• What are the key findings from Milgram's baseline study?


  • 65% of participants delivered the maximum shock of 450 volts
  • 12.5% stopped at 300 volts
  • Participants showed signs of extreme tension
• What did Milgram do after the study to address participant concerns?


  He debriefed all participants and assured them their behavior was normal
• What percentage of participants reported being glad to have participated in Milgram's study?


  84%
• What did the French documentary replicate regarding Milgram's findings?


  It showed that 80% of participants delivered maximum shocks to an unconscious man
• What limitation did critics point out regarding Milgram's internal validity?


  Participants may have been 'play-acting' rather than genuinely obeying
• What did Gina Perry's research suggest about Milgram's participants' beliefs?


  Only about half believed the shocks were real
• What did Sheridan and King's study demonstrate regarding obedience?


  Participants delivered real shocks to a puppy, showing genuine obedience
• What does social identity theory (SIT) suggest about Milgram's findings?


  Participants obeyed when they identified with the scientific aims of the research
• What are the ethical considerations in Milgram's study?


  • Deception about the shocks
  • Psychological stress on participants
  • Need for thorough debriefing
• How did Milgram's conclusions about obedience challenge previous assumptions?


  They showed that people are more obedient than previously thought
• What was the fixed outcome of the draw for the Teacher and Learner roles?


  The participant was always the Teacher
• What was the nature of the shocks administered in the study?


  The shocks were fake but labeled to appear dangerous
• What was the voltage increment for each mistake made by the Learner?


  15 volts
• What did Milgram's observations reveal about participants' emotional states?


  Participants exhibited signs of extreme tension and anxiety
• How did Milgram's findings compare to the predictions made by psychology students?


  Students underestimated the level of obedience among participants
• What did Milgram suspect about the factors influencing obedience?


  He suspected certain situational factors encouraged obedience
• What was the main aim of Milgram's further studies?


  To investigate factors that encourage obedience
• What did Milgram's study reveal about the nature of obedience?


  Obedience can occur even when it may harm another person
• How did Milgram's findings challenge the perception of obedience in society?


  They revealed that ordinary people are capable of extreme obedience