Ch2

• What is the course code for Moral and Citizenship Education?

  MCED 1011
• What is the primary concern of normative ethics?


  To guide decisions and judgments about actions in particular situations
• In what capacities do we engage with morality according to the text?

  As agents, spectators, advisers, instructors, judges, and critics
• What are the main theories included in normative ethics?


  • Utilitarianism
  • Deontology
  • Virtue ethics
  • Principlism
  • Narrative ethics
  • Feminist ethics
• What type of questions does normative ethics pose?


  Questions about general principles or virtues that distinguish right from wrong
• What does teleological ethics emphasize?


  The consequences of an action determine its morality
• What does the phrase "the end justifies the means" refer to?


  It refers to the belief that the morality of an action is determined by its outcomes
• How do teleological theories differ from deontological theories?


  Teleological theories focus on outcomes, while deontological theories focus on the nature of the actions themselves
• What is the criterion for determining if an act is right according to teleological ethics?


  An act is right if it produces a greater balance of good over evil than any alternative
• What do teleologists often identify as the good?


  Pleasure, power, knowledge, self-realization, or perfection
• What is ethical egoism?


  It is the view that one should act in their own self-interest
• How does ethical egoism differ from psychological egoism?


  Ethical egoism is a normative theory about how we ought to behave, while psychological egoism is a descriptive theory about how we actually behave
• What does the ethical egoist argue regarding the Good Samaritan case?


  The ethical egoist would argue that the Samaritan did the wrong thing by helping others
• What is the main rule of ethical egoism?


  Look after yourself
• How does ethical egoism interpret the Golden Rule?


  It emphasizes treating others well to ensure one receives similar treatment
• What argument supports ethical egoism based on psychological egoism?


  If we are always seeking our own self-interest, altruistic acts cannot be obligatory
• What does ethical egoism suggest about helping others?


  Help others only if it benefits oneself
• How does ethical egoism reinterpret the consequences of actions?


  It focuses on long-term benefits for oneself rather than immediate consequences for others
• What are the implications of ethical egoism on moral behavior?


  • Advocates for self-interest
  • Suggests that altruism is not obligatory
  • Reinterprets the Golden Rule to focus on self-benefit
• What does the study material suggest one should do for long-term benefit?


  Exercise, eat healthy food, avoid repetitive argumentative situations, and abstain from overeating.
• What is the primary focus of ethical egoism according to the study material?


  One's own welfare counts above others' when making moral decisions.
• In what situation is it acceptable to help others according to ethical egoism?


  When helping others advances one's own interests.
• How does ethical egoism reinterpret the Golden Rule?


  It suggests that one may not receive the same treatment they give to others.
• What does ethical egoism say about treating others for one's advantage?


  It is acceptable to treat others in a way that benefits oneself as long as one can avoid consequences.
• What are the methods to apply ethical egoism to a situation?


  • List the possible acts
  • Assess the net good each act does for you
  • Identify the act that provides the most net good for you
• What does ethical egoism imply about helping others?


  Helping others must ultimately benefit oneself.
• What is psychological egoism?


  It is the argument that humans always seek their own advantage or welfare.
• How does psychological egoism relate to ethical egoism?


  Psychological egoism supports ethical egoism by suggesting that self-love is a fundamental principle of human nature.
• What is a common objection to the psychological argument for ethical egoism?


  One cannot logically infer an ethical conclusion from a psychological premise.
• What does the phrase "Ought implies can" suggest in the context of ethical egoism?


  It suggests that if human nature is as described, we can only act in our own greatest good.
• What are the basic desires that ethical egoism presupposes?


  Desires for food, fame, sex, etc.
• How does ethical egoism view altruistic impulses?


  It acknowledges that altruistic impulses may exist but are ultimately secondary to self-interest.
• What is the psychological egoist's argument regarding altruistic actions?


  Altruistic actions are merely means to achieve personal satisfaction.
• What is the main focus of consequentialism in ethical theories?


  It focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions.
• What is the principle of utilitarianism?


  It states that the best action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
• What dilemma is presented regarding the dying millionaire's request?


  • The millionaire wants to give $2 million to the Ethiopian Coffee Club.
  • A charity advertisement requests the same amount to save 100,000 people from starvation.
  • The decision involves weighing the promise to the millionaire against the potential to save lives.
• What is the role of conscience in moral decision-making according to the study material?


  Conscience can guide actions but may lead to conflicting decisions.
• What are the limitations of using love as a guiding principle in moral decisions?


  Love alone does not resolve conflicts of interest or complex moral dilemmas.
• How does the Golden Rule function as a moral guideline?


  It suggests treating others as one would like to be treated, but has limitations in complex situations.
• What is the difference between deontological ethics and teleological ethics?


  Deontological ethics focuses on the intrinsic value of actions, while teleological ethics focuses on the outcomes of actions.