water cycle

Cards (99)

  • How much water in oceans and seas
    96.5%
  • How much is freshwater
    2.5%
  • How much freshwater is in cryosphere
    69%
  • How much freshwater is in groundwater
    30%
  • How much freshwater is in surface water

    1%
  • How much surface water is in permafrost and ground ice

    69%
  • How much surface water is in lakes
    20%
  • How much surface water is in rivers
    0.5%
  • Ppt when air rises over mountains causing it to cool and rain

    Orographic
  • When air masses meet creating low pressure and rain

    Frontal
  • Rainfall caused by solar radiation
    Convectional
  • Outputs from a drainage basin
    Evaporation transpiration Channel flow
  • When ppt is caught in plant leaves

    Interception
  • When ppt enters the soil

    Infiltration
  • When ppt runs off the impermeable surface

    Runoff
  • Horizontal flow of ppt through soil or rock
    Throughflow
  • Vertical flow of ppt from soil to rock
    Percolation
  • Horizontal flow of ppt once it has reached the water table

    Groundwater flow
  • What two factors does vegetation increase

    Infiltration and transpiration
  • What factor does vegetation decrease

    Runoff
  • 5 physical factors influencing basin cycle
    Relief, soil, rock, vegetation, climate
  • 4 human factors influencing basin cycle

    Urbanisation, reservoirs, deforestation, overabstraction
  • How much of freshwater is accessible

    1%
  • Ancient, recently found water stores
    Fossil water
  • Climate in Alaska is very

    Variable
  • River in Alaska
    Yukon
  • The Yukon is unaffected by

    Humans
  • The climate at the Amazon is very

    Consistent
  • The Amazon is affected by large

    Dams
  • The Murray-Darling experiences periods of prolonged

    Drought
  • The Murray-Darling experiences high seasonal

    variability
  • the average American uses how many gallons per day

    160
  • countries where groundwater is almost gone
    India Pakistan Mexico
  • residence time oceans
    4000 years
  • residence time ice

    thousands of years
  • shortest residence time in biosphere, atmosphere, rivers
    1-2 weeks
  • edge of the basin
    watershed
  • how many is the Thames home to

    13 million
  • Thames rainfall per year

    690mm
  • how much more water is evaporated from reservoirs, than used by people

    7%