Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?


  Insulin
• How does insulin affect blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?


  Insulin triggers body cells to take up glucose and store it as glycogen
• What is the role of the pancreas in blood glucose regulation?


  The pancreas monitors blood glucose concentration and produces insulin
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after a meal rich in carbohydrates?


  It rises and is then regulated by insulin
• What is homeostasis in the context of blood glucose concentration?


  It is the process of keeping blood glucose levels constant
• What is glycogen?


  A storage molecule for excess glucose in the liver and muscles
• What characterizes type 1 diabetes?


  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ between a person with type 1 diabetes and a person without diabetes after a carbohydrate meal?


  In type 1 diabetes, glucose concentration remains high due to insufficient insulin
• How do people with type 1 diabetes manage their condition?


  They monitor their blood glucose and inject insulin when necessary
• What is type 2 diabetes characterized by?


  Body cells stop responding to insulin produced by the pancreas
• What dietary changes are recommended for managing type 2 diabetes?


  A diet with controlled carbohydrate levels
• What is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What happens to blood glucose concentration when it falls too low?

  The pancreas releases glucagon to raise blood glucose levels
• How does glucagon affect liver cells?


  It triggers liver cells to convert glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together in blood glucose regulation?


  They form a negative feedback cycle to maintain glucose levels
• What are the key functions of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose regulation?


  • Insulin:
  • Lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake and storage
  • Glucagon:
  • Raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown
• What are the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1 Diabetes:
  • Insufficient insulin production
  • Requires insulin injections
  • Type 2 Diabetes:
  • Body cells do not respond to insulin
  • Managed with diet and exercise