Henry VII's Foreign Policy

• When were the Navigation Acts passed?

  1485
• What did the Navigations Acts state?

  It encouraged the use of English ships to carry goods in order to break up the stranglehold of the Hanseatic League and reduce British dependency on foreign powers
• When was the Treaty of Redon?

  1489
• What did the Treaty of Redon state?

  Britain would send 6000 troops to Brittany
• When was the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

  1489
• What did the Treaty of Medina del Campo state?

  • Spain and England would not harbour rebels
  • Spain and England would not make peace with France without prior consultation
  • Proposed marriage between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
  • Included a trade clause
• When was the Treaty of Dordrecht?

  1489
• What did the Treaty of Dordrecht state?

  Maximilian would send troops to Brittany to help Britain (this was not fulfilled)
• When was England's treaty with Denmark?

  1489
• What did England's treaty with Denmark state?

  • English fishermen were given the right to fish in Icelandic waters
  • Hanse merchants were forbidden by Parliamentary law from exporting unfinished cloth from England
• When did Henry establish a staple in Pisa?

  1490
• What did the creation of the staple in Pisa mean?

  It would stop Venice's dominance of Mediterranean trade and the high taxes imposed on English ships carrying Malmsey wine
• When was the Treaty of Etaples?

  1492
• What did the Treaty of Etaples state?

  • France would no longer harbour English rebels
  • France would retain Brittany but pay a total of 745,000 crowns as a pension to England
  • Included a trade clause on wine
  • Henry sent 26,000 men to Brittany late in the campaign
• When was England's trade embargo with Burgundy?

  1493-1496
• When was Poyning's Law?

  1494
• What did Poyning's Law state?

  • Made Sir Edward Poyning Lord Deputy of Ireland and Prince Henry Lord Lieutenant
  • Meant that the Irish parliament could only convene and pass laws with Henry's prior approval
• Why was Poyning's Law relevant?

  • Ireland was an ancient Yorkist stronghold
  • Lambert Simnel was crowned King Edward VI in Dublin Cathedral in 1487
  • Resulted in the Irish driving out Warbeck from Waterford after an attempted siege due to their allegiance to Henry
• When was the Treaty of the Holy League?

  1496
• What did the Treaty of the Holy League state?

  It was a treaty between England, Spain, and Italy in order to protect Italy from French conquest, but eventually collapsed
• When was the Intercursus Magnus?

  1496
• What did the Intercursus Magnus state?

  British merchants could sell their goods wholesale anywhere (apart from Flanders) without having to pay tolls or customs
• When was the Truce of Ayton?

  1497
• What did the Truce of Ayton state?

  • It was the first peace treaty between England and Scotland since 1328
  • Proposed the marriage between James and Mary
• Why were Anglo-Scottish relations tense in the 1490s?

  • Border raids continued
  • James married Warbeck to his cousin, Katherine Gordon
• When was the Treaty of Blois?

  1505
• What did the Treaty of Blois state?

  It was a treaty between France and Spain, which betrayed the terms of the Treaty of Medina del Campo between England and Spain which had agreed not to make peace with France without each other's prior consultation
• When was the Secret Treaty of Windsor?

  1506
• What did the Secret Treaty of Windsor state?

  In return for Edmund de la Pole, Henry would support Philip in the Castilian Succession Crisis as opposed to Ferdinand, more advantageous trading terms would be given to England as part of the Intercursus Malus, and proposed marriage between Henry and Margaret of Savoy (not fulfilled)
• What eventually happened as a result of the Secret Treaty of Windsor?

  • Philip died the next year, so Ferdinand took the throne in the Castilian Succession Crisis and did not ally with England.
  • The Intercursus Malus was revoked and returned to the Intercursus Magnus
• When was the Treaty of Cambrai?

  1508
• What did the Treaty of Cambrai state?

  It was a treaty between France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire, leaving England isolated with no allies