Water

• What type of bonds does water have?

  Covalent bonds
• Why is water considered a polar molecule?


  Because oxygen has more electrons than hydrogen, creating a dipole
• What is the significance of the dipole nature of water molecules?


  It allows water molecules to attract each other and form hydrogen bonds
• How do hydrogen bonds compare to covalent bonds in water?


  Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds
• What allows water to flow easily?

  The presence of weak hydrogen bonds
• Why do many chemicals dissolve easily in water?


  Due to its dipole/polar nature
• How does water facilitate biochemical reactions in cells?


  It allows chemicals to move freely and participate in reactions
• What role does water play in hydrolysis and condensation reactions?


  Water is often involved in these reactions
• How are dissolved substances transported in animals?

  Through the blood and lymph systems
• How are dissolved substances transported in plants?

  Through the xylem and phloem
• Which ionic substance dissolves easily in water?

  Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• What happens to NaCl when it dissolves in water?


  Negative Cl ions are attracted to positive ends of water, and positive Na ions are attracted to negative ends
• What is a solute?


  A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
• What is a solvent?


  A substance that dissolves a solute
• What is the bonding within water molecules called?

  Covalent bonding
• What type of intermolecular force exists between adjacent water molecules?


  Hydrogen bonds
• Why does water have a dipole nature?


  Because of the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen
• What is meant by a 'polar' substance?


  A substance with a distribution of electrical charge leading to positive and negative ends
• Why is water considered polar?


  Because of the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen
• What allows water to form hydrogen bonds?


  The polarity of the water molecules
• What is the structure of water?

  It consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms
• What are the key properties of water that make it essential for life?

  • Strong covalent bonds
  • Polar nature leading to dipole formation
  • Ability to form hydrogen bonds
  • Excellent solvent properties
  • Involvement in biochemical reactions
• What are the differences between solutes and solvents?

  • Solute: substance that is dissolved
  • Solvent: substance that dissolves the solute