b3

• What are antagonistic muscle pairs?


  Muscle pairs that work in opposition to each other
• What happens when a muscle contracts?


  It exerts a pulling force on the bones, causing movement around a joint
• What is the state of muscles under normal circumstances?

  Muscles are in a state of partial contraction, ready to react
• How do muscles respond to a stimulus from the nervous system?


  They work on an 'all or nothing' basis
• What is the origin of a muscle?


  The fixed end of the muscle that remains stationary
• What is the insertion of a muscle?


  The end of the muscle that moves and crosses over a joint
• What is the muscle that shortens to move a joint called?

  Agonist or prime mover
• What is the role of the antagonist muscle?


  It relaxes in opposition to the agonist and controls movement
• How do antagonists exert control over movement?


  By providing 'braking' control during the movement
• What are the phases of a bicep curl regarding agonist and antagonist muscles?


  • Agonist: Biceps brachii (contracts)
  • Antagonist: Triceps brachii (relaxes)
• What are the phases of a squat regarding agonist and antagonist muscles?

  • Agonist: Quadriceps (contracts)
  • Antagonist: Hamstrings (relaxes)
• What are the phases of a deadlift regarding agonist and antagonist muscles?


  • Agonist: Hamstrings and glutes (contract)
  • Antagonist: Quadriceps (relaxes)
• What are synergist muscles?


  Muscles that work together with agonists to enhance movement
• How do synergists assist agonists?


  By controlling and directing movement
• Give an example of a synergist muscle.


  Latissimus dorsi acting with pectorals
• What is the role of fixator muscles?


  To stabilize joints and prevent unwanted movement
• How do fixators contribute to muscle contraction?

  By stabilizing the origin for effective contraction
• Identify five different antagonistic muscle pairs.

  Examples include biceps/triceps, quadriceps/hamstrings, pectorals/lats, gastrocnemius/tibialis anterior, and gluteus maximus/hip flexors
• What movements do antagonistic muscle pairs cause?


  They cause opposing movements at joints
• What are potential synergists and fixators for identified antagonistic muscle pairs?


  Synergists and fixators vary depending on the specific movement and muscle pair