Learning by reinforcement

• Any behaviour resulting in rewards (pleasant consequences) is reinforced
• Any behaviour resulting in rewards (pleasant consequences) is reinforced
• Any behaviour that results in punishments (unpleasant consequence)
• Dollard and Miller (1950) suggests that a hungry infant feels uncomfortable and is driven to reduce discomfort. When fed it feels pleasure (reward)
• Dollard and Miller (1950) suggests that a hungry infant feels uncomfortable and is driven to reduce discomfort. When fed it feels pleasure (reward)
• The food is a primary reinforcer as it directly satisfies hunger
• The caregiver is a secondary reinforcer as he/she is associated with the primary reinforcer (food)