PERSPEKTIBO

• Who is the author of "Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Perspektibo at Direksyon"?

  Virgilio G. Enriquez
• In what year was the paper on Sikolohiyang Pilipino presented?


  1976
• What does Sikolohiyang Pilipino refer to?


  Psychology rooted in Filipino culture, language, and experience
• What is the main focus of Sikolohiyang Pilipino?


  Indigenous Filipino concepts
• How does Sikolohiyang Pilipino aim to address Western biases?


  By seeking universality through a Filipino lens
• What are the two traditional Western psychology issues mentioned?


  Division between experimental (nomothetic) and correlational (idiographic) methods
• What does the term "nomothetic" emphasize?


  Universal truths and experimental methods
• What does the term "idiographic" focus on?


  Individual cases using correlational methods
• What is the call for psychology in the Philippines according to Aldaba-Lim?


  To be more relevant and meaningful to people's lives
• How does Filipino psychology relate to universal psychology?


  It seeks universal psychology based on Filipino experiences
• What is the significance of expanding the definition of psychology in the Philippines?


  To fit Filipino cultural and linguistic contexts
• What are the psychological concepts based on Filipino language and culture?

  • Kamalayan (Consciousness): Awareness of feelings and experiences
  • Ulirat (Sensation): Perception of surroundings
  • Isip (Mind): Knowledge and understanding
  • Diwa (Spirit): Behavior or character
  • Kalooban (Inner Self): Emotions
  • Kaluluwa (Soul): Human conscience
• What are the forms of psychology in the Filipino context?

  1. Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas: Encompasses all psychological knowledge and practice in the Philippines.
  2. Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino: Focuses on understanding the psychological nature of Filipinos.
  3. Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Developed from Filipino experience, thought, and orientation.
• How does Sikolohiyang Pilipino differ from Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas?


  Sikolohiyang Pilipino involves deeper understanding and internalization
• What does "taumbahay" mean in the context of Sikolohiyang Pilipino?


  It refers to a household member, indicating deeper understanding
• What are the directions and proposals for Sikolohiyang Pilipino?


  • Indigenization from Within: Focus on Filipino concepts and methods.
  • Relevance: Must be relevant to Filipino needs, culture, and values.
  • Theoretical Development: Develop theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations.
  • Universal Psychology: Aim for universal psychology informed by Filipino experiences.
• What did the research by Bailen, Demetrio, and Jocano reveal about Filipino psychology?


  It existed long before foreign influences arrived
• What impact did Western education have on Filipino psychology?


  It influenced Filipinos' views of themselves and others
• How are concepts like "mañana habit" viewed from a foreign perspective?


  They are often seen as negative aspects of Filipino behavior
• What do Filipino proverbs say about the value of being proactive?


  They emphasize the importance of prompt action
• What is the perception of some Filipinos towards local psychology?


  Some view it as inferior to Western methods
• What did a Filipino Ph.D. student in America say about the Department of Psychology in the Philippines?

  It is "twenty years behind"
• What criticism did a foreigner make about Filipino psychologists?

  They claimed no significant contributions have been made
• How is psychology viewed as a discipline in the Philippines according to Sechrest and Guthrie?


  It is considered a "new discipline"
• What was the purpose of the publication "Psychology of, for, and by Filipinos"?


  It was written for American readers, not Filipinos
• What misconception did some foreigners have about Filipino food?


  They claimed it was not truly Filipino but rather foreign dishes
• How do Western theories impact Filipino psychology?


  They are often applied without considering Filipino identity
• What is the danger of generalization in Filipino psychology?


  It creates inaccurate representations of Filipino culture
• What example illustrates misinformation in foreign studies about Filipinos?

  Himes concluded Tagalogs have no concept of "sanhi"
• What is the issue with using foreign terms in Filipino psychology?


  It creates confusion and misinterpretation
• What is cultural ethnocentrism in psychology?


  It is when foreign scholars project their biases onto Filipino culture
• What is the call for a more nuanced understanding of Filipino psychology?


  To avoid misinterpretation and generalization
• What is the balance needed in Sikolohiyang Pilipino?


  • Should not lean exclusively toward particularism or universalism.
  • Both universal principles and particular contexts should be valued and integrated.
• How do clinical psychologists exemplify the balance between universal and particular approaches?


  They tailor their approach to each unique patient
• What should Sikolohiyang Pilipino avoid in its approach?


  It must avoid siding with either nomothetic or idiographic extremes
• What are the different fields in psychology ranked by their appropriateness for universal or particular approaches?


  • Biology and genetics: Universal perspective
  • Social psychology, cognitive psychology, culture, and personality studies: Particularism
• What does the diagram in Sikolohiyang Pilipino illustrate?


  • Categorization of concepts based on proximity to Filipino experience or foreign influences.
  • Differentiation between particular or universal in nature.
• What is the issue with universal psychology originating from industrialized societies?


  It may not represent non-Western or indigenous experiences
• How can psychology research become more reliable?


  By incorporating multiple languages and cultural contexts
• What does testing psychological principles using the Filipino language help verify?


  If findings hold true in local contexts