Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

• What are the two types of eukaryotic cells mentioned in the study material?

  Animal and plant cells
• How do prokaryotic cells differ in size compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells are between 100 - 1000 times smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles
  • Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are smaller (70 S) compared to eukaryotic cells (80 S)
  • Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus; they contain a single circular DNA molecule
  • Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall containing murein
• What is the structure of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70 S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80 S
• What type of DNA do prokaryotic cells have instead of a nucleus?

  Prokaryotic cells have a single circular DNA molecule that is free in the cytoplasm
• What is the composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

  The cell wall contains murein, a glycoprotein
• What are some structures that provide selective advantages to prokaryotic cells?

  • Plasmids
  • Capsules
  • Flagella
• What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

  Plasmids are small loops of DNA separate from the main circular DNA molecule
• What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

  Plasmids contain genes that can be passed between prokaryotes, such as antibiotic resistance genes
• What is the outer layer surrounding some prokaryotes called?

  The outer layer is known as a capsule or slime capsule
• What is the purpose of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?

  The capsule helps protect bacteria from drying out and from the immune system
• What is the function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?

  Flagella are long, tail-like structures that enable prokaryotes to move
• How do flagella function in prokaryotic cells?


  Flagella rotate, enabling the prokaryote to move like a propeller
• Can prokaryotes have more than one flagellum?


  Yes, some prokaryotes have more than one flagellum
• Structural Differences

  A) 70S

  B) 80S

  C) Membrane-bound

  D) murein

  E) Cellulose

  F) Plants

  G) chitin

  H) binary fission

  I) circular

  J) chromosomes

  K) mitosis