Cognitive priming, Cues and Recall

• What are the two types of recall?

  Cued recall

  Free recall
• What does free recall mean?

  Remembering something without cues
• What is cued recall?

  Recall using cues
• What is a cue?

  A trigger that allows us to access information in our memory
• What does the term recognition mean?

  When we recognise a stimulus that we have seen before
• What is a meaningful cue?

  A cue that has meaning to what we are trying to recall
• What does it mean when you say cue without meaning?

  A cue that is not meaningful to the memory but helps us recall something
• What is cognitive priming?

  When you hear, see or smell one stimulus this effects a later response to a similar or same stimulus
• What is the fist stimulus called?

  The prime
• What does the prime create in the memory and what does this mean?

  The prime triggers a network of connections related to the prime so when a similar or same stimulus appears your response is quicker.
• What is repetition priming?

  When you encounter a stimulus you process it more quickly when you hear it later on
• What is an example of repetition priming?

  When you hear or see avocado

  Then you see it later on you notice/process it more quickly because you have seen/ heard it before
• What does semantic priming mean?


  Having a faster reaction to a stimulus because you have see/heard a similar one before
• What is an example of semantic priming?

  Hearing the stimulus computer and then having a faster reaction to the stimulus laptop because they mean the same thing
• What does associative priming mean?

  When the prime is related to the later stimulus but not semantically
• What is an example of associative priming?


  hearing the word chips and then thinking of fish and chips
• What are the strengths of cognitive priming ?

  • understand and prevent causes of obesity - Harris et al experiment, Advertisement effected how many snacks people ate
  • May be able to explain the link between gaming and aggression - Video gaming may prime people to think and behave aggressively - They may think peoples actions are always deliberate
• What are the weaknesses of cognitive priming?

  • Very difficult to study - Cant really repeat as you know the findings already but some get different findings so this suggests that priming is not scientific and cannot be confident that the theories are correct
• Strengths of cues and recall

  practical applications - mnemonics - cues that gen info into LTM - improves memory

  Support evidence - Tulving and pearl stone - cues are useful in remembering stuff - remember and recall lists - some given cues - remember more
• Weaknesses of cues and recall

  Noe all cues are use full - context cue - environment of learning - meaningful cues are better - some cues are useless