Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis AO3

• What is a weakness of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?


  Frustration does not always lead to aggression.
• How did Berkowitz reformulate the frustration-aggression hypothesis?


  He argued that frustration can create many negative feelings, not just aggression.
• What are some negative feelings that can result from frustration according to Berkowitz?


  Jealousy, pain, loneliness, despair, anxiety, helplessness, or determination.
• Why might a student feel despair instead of aggression after receiving a low grade on an essay?


  Because frustration can lead to a range of emotions, including despair and anxiety.
• Why is the original frustration-aggression hypothesis considered inadequate?


  It only suggested that frustration always led to aggression, ignoring other possible emotions.
• What does the conclusion about the frustration-aggression relationship imply?

  The cause-and-effect relationship between frustration and aggression is invalid.
• What is a weakness of the frustration aggression hypothesis?


  Not all aggression comes from frustration.
• What did Berkowitz argue regarding frustration and aggression?


  Frustration is only one of many aversive events that can lead to aggression.
• What types of aversive events did Berkowitz mention that could lead to aggression?


  Pain and extreme temperatures are examples of aversive events.
• What did Reifman et al.'s research into baseballers demonstrate about temperature and aggression?


  As temperatures increased, the likelihood of pitchers displaying aggressive behavior also increased.
• Why is the original frustration-aggression hypothesis considered inadequate?


  It suggested that aggression always came from frustration, ignoring other potential triggers.
• What theory did Berkowitz establish due to the limitations of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?


  The negative affect theory.
• What does the negative affect theory propose about frustration and aggression?


  Frustration doesn't always lead to aggression, and aggression doesn’t always come from frustration.
• What is a strength of the frustration–aggression hypothesis?


  It has been used as an explanation of mass violence.
• According to Staub (1996), what often roots mass killings?


  Frustration caused by social and economic difficulties within a society.
• What process typically follows the frustration in a society, according to Staub?


  Scapegoating, which involves finding someone to blame.
• How did Germans respond to their frustrations after WWI, according to historical accounts?


  They blamed Jews for the loss of the war and economic problems.
• What have some historians suggested about the violence towards Jews after WWI?


  They condoned the violence due to the widespread frustration.
• Why is the frustration–aggression hypothesis significant in understanding human behavior?

  • It shows how widespread frustration can lead to violence.
  • Highlights the role of propaganda in manipulating public sentiment.
  • Provides a framework for analyzing real human behavior in historical contexts.
• What is a weakness of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?


  There is a lack of research support for its claim about catharsis.
• What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis claim about frustration and aggression?


  It claims that frustration leads to aggression, which has a cathartic effect.
• What did Bushman (2002) find regarding aggressive behavior?


  Behaving aggressively is likely to lead to more aggression in the future.
• How does aggressive behavior affect thoughts and feelings according to Bushman?


  It keeps aggressive thoughts and angry feelings active in memory.
• Why is the lack of support for Dollard's predictions significant?


  It undermines the credibility of the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
• What are the implications of the findings from Bushman (2002) on the frustration-aggression hypothesis?


  • Aggressive behavior leads to increased aggression.
  • Catharsis is not supported by research.
  • The hypothesis lacks reliability due to insufficient evidence.
• What conclusion can be drawn about the reliability of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

  The theory lacks reliability.