MSM

• What year was the multi-store model of memory introduced?


  1968
• Who introduced the multi-store model of memory?


  Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
• What are the three stores in the multi-store model of memory?


  sensory memory

  short-term memory

  long-term memory
• What 2 things are assumed in the MSM?


  information must pass through each fixed stage to be remembered

  There are capacity and duration limitations at each fixed stage
• How is memory defined in this model?


  information which comes from our environment through the 5 senses
• How does information flow through each stage?

  stored briefly in sensory memory

  if attended to, flows to STM

  if rehearsed, encoded to LTM
• What are the durations of each memory during the flow?

  sensory memory - less than one second

  STM - up to 20 seconds

  LTM - unlimited
• List the steps of this model

  environmental input from sensory input from sensory memory - lost through decay or to STM

  STM - lost through decay or across to LTM

  LTM - lost through interference or retrieval failure

  can go back from LTM to STM through retrieval and rehearse to STM to maintain
• What 3 things did Atkinson and Shriffin say about the sensory store?


  'constantly receiving information from the environment'.

  'most information is lost and not paid attention to'

  'however if sensory stores are attended to, information is encoded to the STM'
• What did Atkinson and Shriffin say about the STM?


  'When information reaches the STM, if not rehearsed it can be lost through displacement because STM has a capacity of 7+/-2 items or decay'.

  'The STM has a duration of 0-18 seconds', 'if information is rehearsed sufficiently, is transferred to the LTM
• What did Atkinson and Shriffin say about the LTM


  'If elaborately rehearsed and information is understood, it was be transferred and encoded to the LTM, LTM has an unlimited capacity and duration.

  'information can be recalled back through the STM'
• What did Atkinson and Shriffin propose? 


  'a direct link between rehearsal in the STM and the Strength of LTM'
• What are 3 different types of sensory memory?


  haptic

  iconic

  echoic
• what is iconic memory?


  visual sensory memory
• How long does iconic memory last?


  from one quarter to half a second
• what is haptic memory?


  tactile memory
• How long does haptic memory last?


  about two seconds
• What is echoic memory


  auditory sensory memory
• How long does echoic memory last?


  3-4 seconds