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Geography
Economic development
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Millie Rosbon
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Cards (77)
How is
development
defined in the context of economic
advancement
?
As the progress of a country towards greater economic and
technological
advancement
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What does
development
refer to in terms of
quality of life
?
Positive changes such as
happiness
,
educational opportunities
, and
access to clean water
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How are the
components
of
development
linked to each other?
Health and environment depend on
income
, which may impact happiness
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What are the different
components
of development?
Physical
: Water supply, housing, power, climate, diet
Social
: Family, friends, education, health
Psychological
: Happiness, security, freedom
Economic
: Income, job security,
standard of living
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Why does
development
not occur in a smooth,
continuous
process?
It can be slowed,
halted
, or reversed due to various factors
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What are some factors that can slow or reverse development?
War
,
disease
,
disasters
, and economic
recession
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How can
investment
in
agriculture
improve
development
?
By improving
food supplies
, which enhances people's health
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What are some improvements that can lead to development?
Access to education
for females and
improved power supplies
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How does the level of
development
vary?
It varies on
local
,
national
, and
international
scales
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How does
Germany's
development compare to
Mexico
and
Egypt
?
Germany is more
developed
than Mexico, while Egypt is less developed than Mexico
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What are the three groups of countries based on development levels?
Low Income Countries
(LICs)
Newly Emerging Economies
(NEEs)
High Income Countries
(HICs)
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What characterizes
Low Income Countries
(
LICs
)?
Most people have a poor
quality of life
with inadequate services
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What defines
Newly Emerging Economies
(
NEEs
)?
Countries experiencing rapid economic growth based on industrial development
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What are
High Income Countries
(
HICs
) known for?
Modern industries and a good
standard of living
with high income levels
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What is the
development gap
?
The differences between less and more developed
countries
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Why is
development
hard to measure accurately?
It covers many
features
or strands that are
interconnected
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What are the
strands
related to
social indicators
of development?
Quality of life
and social well-being
Equal opportunities
and access to services
Life expectancy
and education
Diversity
, traditions, and heritage
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What are the strands related to
economic indicators
of development?
Employment
,
income
, and
general wealth
Savings
and
house building
Consumer spending
and
international trade
Resources
,
pollution controls
, and
conservation
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Why can individual
indicators
be misleading when measuring
development
?
Some features develop before others, giving a false impression of
overall
development
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How can using
multiple
indicators
improve the measurement of development?
It provides a clearer picture of a
country's
development
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What is
Gross Domestic Product
(
GDP
)?
Total value of a country's output of goods and services in a
year
Measure of economic wealth
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What is
Gross National Income
(
GNI
)?
It calculates total income received by a country from its residents and businesses
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What does
GNI
per head
represent?
The total income of a
country
divided by its
population
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What is the
Human Development Index
(
HDI
)?
A composite measure using life expectancy, literacy rate, education level, and
GNI
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What does a higher
literacy rate
indicate?
A higher level of education in the
population
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What does
life expectancy
measure?
The
average
number of years a person can expect to live
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What does the measure of
people per doctor
indicate?
The
average
number of people that could be seen by a doctor at one time
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What does a lower
birth rate
indicate about
development
?
A higher level of development and better access to
healthcare
for women
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What does a higher
infant mortality rate
suggest about a country?
A lower level of
development
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What does the
death rate
measure?
The number of deaths per
1,000
of the population in a year
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What does
access to safe water
indicate about a country?
The
percentage
of people who have access to safe drinking water
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What are the limitations of using
GDP
as a measure of development?
Ignores welfare
components
May not reflect societal
happiness
Leaves out some
production
, like homegrown food
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What are the limitations of using
GNI
as a measure of development?
Only considers
income
Average calculation can distort
figures
Sensitive data may not be reported
accurately
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What are the limitations of using
HDI
as a measure of development?
Based on only four
indicators
May rely on unreliable
statistics
Does not account for
disparities
within a country
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What does the
demographic transition model
(
DTM
) show?
How
birth
and
death
rates change over time and affect population
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What are the stages of the
demographic transition model
(
DTM
)?
Stage 1
: High birth and
death rates
, low population
Stage 2
: High
birth rates
, decreasing death rates,
rapid population growth
Stage 3
: Falling birth rates, continuing decrease in death rates
Stage 4
: Low birth and death rates,
slow population growth
Stage 5
:
Declining population
as death rate exceeds birth rate
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What characterizes
Stage 1
of the
DTM
?
High
birth and death rates
with a low
total population
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What happens in
Stage 2
of the
DTM
?
Population rises rapidly due to high birth rates and decreasing death rates
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What is characteristic of
Stage 3
of the
DTM
?
Birth rates fall
rapidly
while
death rates
continue to decrease
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What defines
Stage 4
of the
DTM
?
Low and fluctuating
birth and death rates
with
slow population growth
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See all 77 cards
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