Economic development

    Cards (77)

    • How is development defined in the context of economic advancement?

      As the progress of a country towards greater economic and technological advancement
    • What does development refer to in terms of quality of life?

      Positive changes such as happiness, educational opportunities, and access to clean water
    • How are the components of development linked to each other?

      Health and environment depend on income, which may impact happiness
    • What are the different components of development?

      • Physical: Water supply, housing, power, climate, diet
      • Social: Family, friends, education, health
      • Psychological: Happiness, security, freedom
      • Economic: Income, job security, standard of living
    • Why does development not occur in a smooth, continuous process?

      It can be slowed, halted, or reversed due to various factors
    • What are some factors that can slow or reverse development?
      War, disease, disasters, and economic recession
    • How can investment in agriculture improve development?

      By improving food supplies, which enhances people's health
    • What are some improvements that can lead to development?
      Access to education for females and improved power supplies
    • How does the level of development vary?

      It varies on local, national, and international scales
    • How does Germany's development compare to Mexico and Egypt?

      Germany is more developed than Mexico, while Egypt is less developed than Mexico
    • What are the three groups of countries based on development levels?
      1. Low Income Countries (LICs)
      2. Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)
      3. High Income Countries (HICs)
    • What characterizes Low Income Countries (LICs)?

      Most people have a poor quality of life with inadequate services
    • What defines Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)?

      Countries experiencing rapid economic growth based on industrial development
    • What are High Income Countries (HICs) known for?

      Modern industries and a good standard of living with high income levels
    • What is the development gap?

      The differences between less and more developed countries
    • Why is development hard to measure accurately?

      It covers many features or strands that are interconnected
    • What are the strands related to social indicators of development?

      • Quality of life and social well-being
      • Equal opportunities and access to services
      • Life expectancy and education
      • Diversity, traditions, and heritage
    • What are the strands related to economic indicators of development?

      • Employment, income, and general wealth
      • Savings and house building
      • Consumer spending and international trade
      • Resources, pollution controls, and conservation
    • Why can individual indicators be misleading when measuring development?

      Some features develop before others, giving a false impression of overall development
    • How can using multiple indicators improve the measurement of development?

      It provides a clearer picture of a country's development
    • What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

      • Total value of a country's output of goods and services in a year
      • Measure of economic wealth
    • What is Gross National Income (GNI)?

      It calculates total income received by a country from its residents and businesses
    • What does GNI per head represent?

      The total income of a country divided by its population
    • What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

      A composite measure using life expectancy, literacy rate, education level, and GNI
    • What does a higher literacy rate indicate?

      A higher level of education in the population
    • What does life expectancy measure?

      The average number of years a person can expect to live
    • What does the measure of people per doctor indicate?

      The average number of people that could be seen by a doctor at one time
    • What does a lower birth rate indicate about development?

      A higher level of development and better access to healthcare for women
    • What does a higher infant mortality rate suggest about a country?

      A lower level of development
    • What does the death rate measure?

      The number of deaths per 1,000 of the population in a year
    • What does access to safe water indicate about a country?

      The percentage of people who have access to safe drinking water
    • What are the limitations of using GDP as a measure of development?

      • Ignores welfare components
      • May not reflect societal happiness
      • Leaves out some production, like homegrown food
    • What are the limitations of using GNI as a measure of development?

      • Only considers income
      • Average calculation can distort figures
      • Sensitive data may not be reported accurately
    • What are the limitations of using HDI as a measure of development?

      • Based on only four indicators
      • May rely on unreliable statistics
      • Does not account for disparities within a country
    • What does the demographic transition model (DTM) show?

      How birth and death rates change over time and affect population
    • What are the stages of the demographic transition model (DTM)?

      1. Stage 1: High birth and death rates, low population
      2. Stage 2: High birth rates, decreasing death rates, rapid population growth
      3. Stage 3: Falling birth rates, continuing decrease in death rates
      4. Stage 4: Low birth and death rates, slow population growth
      5. Stage 5: Declining population as death rate exceeds birth rate
    • What characterizes Stage 1 of the DTM?

      High birth and death rates with a low total population
    • What happens in Stage 2 of the DTM?

      Population rises rapidly due to high birth rates and decreasing death rates
    • What is characteristic of Stage 3 of the DTM?

      Birth rates fall rapidly while death rates continue to decrease
    • What defines Stage 4 of the DTM?

      Low and fluctuating birth and death rates with slow population growth
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