Urban

• What are the two distinct streams that urban music evolved from?

  Soul music and jazz
• How did soul musicians' sound evolve during the 1980s?


  They began to use more commercial producers and adopted a polished performance style.
• What change occurred in New York during the late 1970s regarding music parties?


  Young people started hosting parties and playing records instead of using live bands.
• What did DJs in New York begin to play at parties?


  Old soul records, jazz records, and anything with a good beat.
• Who was Kool Herc and what was his contribution to urban music?


  Kool Herc was a DJ who experimented with mixing instrumental sections, leading to the popularity of breakbeats.
• What does the term 'breakbeat' refer to?


  It refers to instrumental breaks that became the basis for new tracks.
• What is toasting in the context of Jamaican music?


  Toasting involves DJs speaking in rhythm over music.
• How did toasting influence the block parties in New York?


  Toasting influenced the parties by introducing rhythmic speaking over music.
• How did toasting evolve into rap?


  Toasting became more lyrically advanced and rhythmically complex over time.
• How has hip-hop utilized sampling in its music?


  Hip-hop has used sampling of older records as the basis for many of its early records.
• What modern technology has producers like Dr Dre incorporated into hip-hop?


  Producers have incorporated synthesizers and other modern technology into beat-making.
• What significant change occurred in the hip-hop market in the early 1990s?


  Hip-hop became very popular and commercially viable.
• What role did artists like Notorious BIG and Tupac play in hip-hop's popularity?


  They brought hip-hop to the forefront of public attention through their public feud.
• How did the sound of hip-hop change during the early 1990s?


  The music began to feature a more polished sound and used samples from a wider range of sources.
• What change occurred in RnB music during the early 1990s?


  RnB began to use a more minimal backing.
• What musical elements did RnB maintain despite its minimal backing?


  RnB maintained syncopation in the bass and melody over a solid beat.
• How did the relationship between hip-hop and RnB change during the 1990s and early 2000s?


  The barrier between hip-hop and RnB blurred as singers collaborated with rappers and vice versa.
• How has urban music influenced commercial pop?


  Urban music has influenced pop with artists like Britney Spears and Justin Bieber working with RnB producers.
• What are the key developments in the evolution of urban music from the 1970s to the early 2000s?


  • Evolution from soul music and jazz
  • Use of commercial producers in the 1980s
  • Emergence of DJs and breakbeats in the late 1970s
  • Development of toasting into rap
  • Rise of hip-hop and its sampling techniques
  • Blurring lines between hip-hop and RnB in the 1990s
  • Influence on commercial pop music