mitosis & meiosis

• What are the two types of cell division mentioned in the study material?

  Mitosis and meiosis
• What type of cell division occurs in body cells?

  Mitosis
• What is the outcome of mitosis?


  Two identical daughter cells
• What is the ploidy level of daughter cells produced by mitosis?


  Diploid (2 sets of chromosomes)
• What are the stages of mitosis?


  1. Interphase - DNA replicated, cell begins to divide
  2. Prophase - Nuclear membrane forms, spindle fibers form
  3. Metaphase - Chromosomes line up, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
  4. Anaphase - Spindle fibers contract, chromosomes pulled to opposite ends
  5. Telophase - Nuclear membrane reforms around each chromosome set
  6. Cytokinesis - Cytoplasm divides, forming 2 identical daughter cells
• How many daughter cells are produced by meiosis?


  Four daughter cells
• What is the ploidy level of daughter cells produced by meiosis?


  Haploid (1 set of chromosomes)
• What is the main purpose of meiosis?


  To produce genetically different gametes
• What are the stages of meiosis?


  1. Parent cell is diploid with two sets of chromosomes
  2. Each chromosome is copied before division
  3. The parent cell divides in two, then divides again
  4. Four daughter cells are produced
  5. Each daughter cell gets one chromosome from each pair
  6. Daughter cells are haploid and genetically different
• How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?


  Meiosis results in genetically different daughter cells
• What are the daughter cells produced by meiosis called?


  Daughter cells
• What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?


  The chromosome number is halved
• What type of cells undergo meiosis?


  Sex cells (gametes)
• What is the significance of haploid cells produced by meiosis?


  They have one set of chromosomes, essential for sexual reproduction
• What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm during mitosis?

  Cytokinesis
• What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?


  They attach to chromosomes and help pull them apart
• How does the process of mitosis differ from meiosis in terms of the number of cells produced?


  Mitosis produces two cells, while meiosis produces four cells
• What is the significance of the genetic differences produced by meiosis?


  They contribute to genetic diversity in a population