lesson 1

• What is the main focus of biochemistry?

  Biochemistry studies how the properties of living organisms arise from biomolecules.
• What are the basic concepts in modern biochemistry?


  They include structural biochemistry, metabolism, and biomolecules that store and transmit information.
• What is the role of ATP in biochemistry?


  ATP links energy-releasing and energy-consuming cellular processes.
• What does structural chemistry study in biochemistry?


  It studies the relationship between the function and chemical structure of biomolecules.
• What are the three areas of biochemistry?


  Structural chemistry, metabolism, and the chemistry of molecules that store and transmit information.
• How do living organisms share common chemical features?

  They have the same basic structural units and macromolecules made of the same monomeric subunits.
• What is the significance of the flow of genetic information in living organisms?


  It is essential for the synthesis of cellular components and is the same across all organisms.
• What is the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite?


  Ca$_{10}(PO_4)_{6}(OH)_2$
• What are the main types of biomolecules?

  Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
• What is the role of enzymes in metabolism?


  Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions in living organisms.
• What are anabolic and catabolic reactions?


  Anabolic reactions use energy to form macromolecules, while catabolic reactions liberate energy.
• What is the definition of metabolism?


  Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in a living organism.
• How do biomolecules store and transmit biological information?


  They encode information as coded messages, such as the genetic code.
• What is the significance of DNA in living organisms?


  DNA contains the information needed for the formation and function of all living organisms.
• What should a dentist understand about the biochemistry of dental caries?


  A dentist should understand the effect of acids on mineralization and the role of microorganisms.
• What are some examples of diseases related to biochemistry?


  Diabetes, liver diseases, coronary risk, anemia, periodontal disease, and oral cancer.
• What is the role of biochemistry in understanding dental caries?


  It helps in understanding teeth composition and the caries process in dental plaque.