proteins

• what are proteins made from?


  (long chains) of amino acids
• how does amino acid sequence decide final protein structure?

  The sequence of amino acids in the chain determines how the chain will fold up to make the protein, so different proteins have different three-dimensional shapes.
• what is a catalyst?


  is a chemical reaction that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
• define what an enzyme is 


  biological catalyst
• what is meant by active site?


  The part of the enzyme to which a specific substrate can attach or fit on to.
• what is the lock and key theory?


  the lock and key theory states that an enzyme and corresponding active site are exactly complementary
• what is the specificity of enzymes?


  enzymes are specific because different enzymes have different active sites
• what is a degradation reaction?


  enzymes involved in the breakdown of large molecules to small molecules
• give examples of a degradation reaction

  substitution, dehydrohalogenation, oxidation, and reduction reactions
• what is a synthesis reaction?


  enzymes involved in building up small molecules to large molecules
• give an example of a synthesis reaction 


  the creation of water and creation of carbon dioxide
• what is optimum conditions?


  the conditions under which a particular enzyme is most active
• what does denatured mean?


  Denaturing enzymesIf enzymes are exposed to extremes of pH or high temperatures the shape of their active site may change
• what are enzymes proteins (function)


  a protein which catalyses or speeds up a chemical reaction
• what are hormones (function)


  chemical messengers that help regulate processes such as growth and sugar balance
• what are antibodies (function)


  fight diseases - that are produced in response to specific disease-causing microorganisms
• what are receptors (function)


  receive external signals and provide binding site for molecules (makes info be able to be passed into the cell)
• what are structural proteins (function)

  important structural function that are needed to support cell membranes