ghana and mali

• What was the primary way the rulers of Ghana built their empire?


  By controlling the salt and gold trade
• How did Ghana's control of trade contribute to its wealth?

  It allowed Ghana to become wealthy through trade revenues
• What factors contributed to the decline of Ghana?

  Attacking invaders, overgrazing, and loss of trade
• What was the first known kingdom in the Western Sudan?

  The Ghana Empire
• What types of goods did Ghana import and export?

  Imported salt, cotton, glass beads, horses, silver, and gold; exported pepper, ivory, and gold
• How did the geography of Ghana contribute to its development?


  It was located between North and West Africa, facilitating trade
• What role did the Niger and Gambia Rivers play in Ghana's wealth?


  They were used to transport goods and develop trade
• What does the name "Ghana" mean?


  War chief
• How did the introduction of the camel affect Ghana's trade?

  It made trade faster and larger
• When did the religion of Islam begin to spread over Northern Africa?


  After 700 AD
• What impact did Muslim warriors have on Ghana?


  They weakened Ghana by fighting with non-Islamic people
• What was the consequence of local warriors breaking away from Ghana's power?


  It ended many of the trade networks
• Who was the ruler that made Mali into an empire?

  Sundiata
• Under which ruler did Mali reach its height?

  Mansa Musa
• What led to Mali's emergence as a major kingdom?


  Scarcity of resources and shifting trade routes
• What were the advantages of Mali being larger than Ghana?

  Greater rainfall, more crops, and control of Wangara gold mines
• What was the population of Mali at its height?


  8 million
• What role did Timbuktu play in the Mali Empire?


  It was a major trading hub and center of Islamic learning
• How did Mansa Musa contribute to the Mali Empire's wealth?


  He developed the gold and salt trade
• What significant event did Mansa Musa undertake during his reign?


  A pilgrimage across Africa to Mecca
• What happened to the Mali Empire after Mansa Musa's death?

  The empire weakened due to lack of powerful successors
• Who came into the area after the decline of Mali?

  A group known as Berbers and others from the south
• What advanced African kingdom took the place of Mali?

  The kingdom of Songhai