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IB CS Topic 2
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What is the binary representation of the number 87?
01010111
What are the Boolean operators?
AND
OR
NOT
NAND
NOR
XOR
What is the truth table for the AND operator?
A B | A and B
0 0 | 0
0
1
| 0
1 0 | 0
1
1
| 1
What is the truth table for the OR operator?
A B | A or B
0 0 | 0
0
1
|
1
1
0 |
1
1
1
|
1
What is the truth table for the NOT operator?
A | not A
0 |
1
1 |
0
What is the truth table for the NAND operator?
A B | A nand B
0 0 |
1
0
1
|
1
1
0 |
1
1
1
| 0
What is the truth table for the NOR operator?
A B | A nor B
0
0 |
1
0 1 | 0
1 0 | 0
1 1 | 0
What is the truth table for the XOR operator?
A B | A xor B
0 0 | 0
0
1
|
1
1
0 |
1
1
1
| 0
How do you construct a truth table using logical operators?
Identify the
variables
.
List all possible
combinations
of truth values.
Apply the logical operators to determine the
output
for each combination.
What do the variables C, R, and H represent in the truth table?
C =
Cold
R =
Raining
H =
Homework
What is the result of (C and R) or not H in the truth table?
It evaluates the conditions of
Cold
and
Raining
against
Homework
.
What is a bit?
A bit is a
binary
digit, representing
true/false
or
1/0
.
What is the binary number system?
Base 2
, using
bits
(0 and 1).
What is denary/decimal?
Base 10
number system.
What is hexadecimal?
Base 16
number system using 0-9 and
A-F
.
How is data represented in a computer?
Numbers are stored in
binary
, displayed in
hexadecimal
.
Characters are stored in
ASCII
or
UNICODE
.
Colors are represented in
24-bit
True Color
.
What does the CPU do?
The CPU executes programs stored as
machine language
instructions.
What are the functions of the Control Unit (CU) in the CPU?
Manages communication with memory (
RAM
and
ROM
).
Fetches instructions from memory.
Decodes instructions for the
ALU
.
What does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) do?
Performs
arithmetic operations
(+, *, -, /).
Executes
logic operations
(AND, OR, etc.).
What is the purpose of the Memory Address Register?
It contains the address of a
byte
in memory for data retrieval.
What is the difference between ROM and RAM?
ROM:
Read Only Memory
,
permanent storage
for
BIOS
.
RAM:
Volatile memory
, temporary storage for data and programs.
What is cache memory?
A small amount of
RAM
between the
CPU
and RAM.
Faster than RAM, used to store frequently accessed data.
Why is cache memory important?
It speeds up data access for the
CPU
.
Particularly beneficial for
programs
with loops.
What is secondary storage?
Permanent storage devices like
hard disks
, CDs, and
cloud storage
.
Why is persistent storage needed?
To store data when power is off.
Provides
backup
for software and files.
What are the main functions of an operating system?
Memory management
Multi-tasking
Device drivers
User interface management
How does the operating system manage multi-tasking?
It uses
time-slicing
to allocate
CPU
time to multiple
programs
.
Some programs may run in the background.
What is the role of device drivers in an operating system?
They provide a control interface for
applications
to interact with
hardware
.
Standardize
device control for applications.
What is the difference between applications and operating systems?
Applications perform specific tasks.
Operating systems manage
hardware
and
software
resources.
What are common features of applications?
WIMP
: Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer.
GUI
and
CLI
components for user interaction.
What are some examples of application software?
Word processor
Spreadsheet
Database
Web browser
CAD software
What is the purpose of a web browser?
To retrieve and
render
web pages.
What is the function of a spreadsheet application?
To perform business
calculations
and data analysis.
What is the role of a database application?
To store and organize large
quantities
of data.
What is the purpose of a graphics application?
For
photo editing
and
video editing
tasks.
What is the function of communication applications like Skype?
To facilitate communication over the
internet
.
What is the purpose of mathematics applications?
For
graphing
and calculating mathematical problems.
What are the four phases of the machine instruction cycle?
Fetch
,
Decode
,
Execute
,
Store
What are the basic components of the CPU and how do they interact with memory?
Control Unit
Registers
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Memory
Address Bus
Data Bus
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Memory Data Register (MDR)
What is the role of the Program Counter (PC)?
It stores the address of the next
instruction
.
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