IB CS Topic 2

Cards (84)

  • What is the binary representation of the number 87?
    01010111
  • What are the Boolean operators?
    • AND
    • OR
    • NOT
    • NAND
    • NOR
    • XOR
  • What is the truth table for the AND operator?
    A B | A and B
    0 0 | 0
    0 1 | 0
    1 0 | 0
    1 1 | 1
  • What is the truth table for the OR operator?
    A B | A or B
    0 0 | 0
    0 1 | 1
    1 0 | 1
    1 1 | 1
  • What is the truth table for the NOT operator?
    A | not A
    0 | 1
    1 | 0
  • What is the truth table for the NAND operator?
    A B | A nand B
    0 0 | 1
    0 1 | 1
    1 0 | 1
    1 1 | 0
  • What is the truth table for the NOR operator?
    A B | A nor B
    0 0 | 1
    0 1 | 0
    1 0 | 0
    1 1 | 0
  • What is the truth table for the XOR operator?
    A B | A xor B
    0 0 | 0
    0 1 | 1
    1 0 | 1
    1 1 | 0
  • How do you construct a truth table using logical operators?
    1. Identify the variables.
    2. List all possible combinations of truth values.
    3. Apply the logical operators to determine the output for each combination.
  • What do the variables C, R, and H represent in the truth table?
    • C = Cold
    • R = Raining
    • H = Homework
  • What is the result of (C and R) or not H in the truth table?
    • It evaluates the conditions of Cold and Raining against Homework.
  • What is a bit?
    A bit is a binary digit, representing true/false or 1/0.
  • What is the binary number system?
    Base 2, using bits (0 and 1).
  • What is denary/decimal?
    Base 10 number system.
  • What is hexadecimal?
    Base 16 number system using 0-9 and A-F.
  • How is data represented in a computer?
    • Numbers are stored in binary, displayed in hexadecimal.
    • Characters are stored in ASCII or UNICODE.
    • Colors are represented in 24-bit True Color.
  • What does the CPU do?
    The CPU executes programs stored as machine language instructions.
  • What are the functions of the Control Unit (CU) in the CPU?
    • Manages communication with memory (RAM and ROM).
    • Fetches instructions from memory.
    • Decodes instructions for the ALU.
  • What does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) do?
    • Performs arithmetic operations (+, *, -, /).
    • Executes logic operations (AND, OR, etc.).
  • What is the purpose of the Memory Address Register?
    It contains the address of a byte in memory for data retrieval.
  • What is the difference between ROM and RAM?
    • ROM: Read Only Memory, permanent storage for BIOS.
    • RAM: Volatile memory, temporary storage for data and programs.
  • What is cache memory?
    • A small amount of RAM between the CPU and RAM.
    • Faster than RAM, used to store frequently accessed data.
  • Why is cache memory important?
    • It speeds up data access for the CPU.
    • Particularly beneficial for programs with loops.
  • What is secondary storage?
    Permanent storage devices like hard disks, CDs, and cloud storage.
  • Why is persistent storage needed?
    • To store data when power is off.
    • Provides backup for software and files.
  • What are the main functions of an operating system?
    • Memory management
    • Multi-tasking
    • Device drivers
    • User interface management
  • How does the operating system manage multi-tasking?
    • It uses time-slicing to allocate CPU time to multiple programs.
    • Some programs may run in the background.
  • What is the role of device drivers in an operating system?
    • They provide a control interface for applications to interact with hardware.
    • Standardize device control for applications.
  • What is the difference between applications and operating systems?
    • Applications perform specific tasks.
    • Operating systems manage hardware and software resources.
  • What are common features of applications?
    • WIMP: Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer.
    • GUI and CLI components for user interaction.
  • What are some examples of application software?
    • Word processor
    • Spreadsheet
    • Database
    • Web browser
    • CAD software
  • What is the purpose of a web browser?
    To retrieve and render web pages.
  • What is the function of a spreadsheet application?
    To perform business calculations and data analysis.
  • What is the role of a database application?
    To store and organize large quantities of data.
  • What is the purpose of a graphics application?
    For photo editing and video editing tasks.
  • What is the function of communication applications like Skype?
    To facilitate communication over the internet.
  • What is the purpose of mathematics applications?
    For graphing and calculating mathematical problems.
  • What are the four phases of the machine instruction cycle?
    Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store
  • What are the basic components of the CPU and how do they interact with memory?
    • Control Unit
    • Registers
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
    • Memory
    • Address Bus
    • Data Bus
    • Memory Address Register (MAR)
    • Memory Data Register (MDR)
  • What is the role of the Program Counter (PC)?
    It stores the address of the next instruction.