19-20

• What is the purpose of law enforcement in relation to firearms offences?


  To prevent, detect, and investigate firearms offences
• Why is it vital for practitioners in the criminal justice system to respond effectively to firearms crimes?


  Because it ensures tailored support and advice for effective crime response
• What are the key components of an effective criminal justice response to firearms offences?


  • Tailored support and advice
  • Training to improve investigative skills
  • Specialized training for equipment operation
  • Safe storage of seized weapons
• What is the basic principle of legality in criminal law?


  No one can be convicted of a crime that does not exist
• What are the three constitutive elements of a crime?


  A criminal act, criminal intent, and concurrence of the two
• What is 'actus reus' in criminal law?


  A criminal act or the objective element of a crime
• What is 'mens rea' in criminal law?


  Criminal intent or the subjective element of a crime
• How does intent differ from motive in criminal law?


  Intent is the purpose to commit a crime, while motive is the reason behind it
• What are the stages of execution of a criminal act?

  1. Attempted
  2. Consummated
  3. Frustrated
• What does it mean for a felony to be 'consummated'?


  A felony is consummated when all elements necessary for its execution are present
• What is meant by a 'frustrated' felony?


  A frustrated felony occurs when all acts of execution are performed but do not produce the intended result
• Who has the burden of proof in establishing a criminal offence?


  The prosecution has the burden of establishing all elements of an offence
• What is a 'crime gun'?


  A crime gun is a firearm that is possessed unlawfully or has been used in the commission of a crime
• What are the types of firearms offences?


  1. Illicit use
  2. Illicit possession
  3. Illicit manufacture
  4. Illicit trafficking
• How can firearms and ballistic matching aid criminal investigations?

  They provide information that can be used for intelligence gathering and analysis
• What types of evidence can firearms and their surrounding area provide at a crime scene?


  • Evidence from a victim's firearms-related injury
  • Evidence from a criminally discharged firearm
  • Evidence from discovered firearm parts or ammunition
  • Evidence from unlawfully manufactured or converted firearms
• What should be documented when collecting firearm evidence at a crime scene?


  The identity of the firearm and its markings
• What should be done if a firearm has no serial number during evidence collection?


  Mark the firearm with initials and the time and date on a non-removable part
• What general information is needed in filing a complaint for firearm cases?

  • Name of the accused
  • Designation of the offense
  • Acts or omissions constituting the offense
  • Name of the offended party
  • Approximate date of the commission
  • Place of the offense
• What is required in a complaint regarding the name of the accused?


  The complaint must state the name or a fictitious name if unknown
• What must the designation of the offense in a complaint include?


  It must state the offense given by the statute and the acts constituting the offense
• How should the acts or omissions constituting the offense be stated in a complaint?


  In ordinary and concise language sufficient for common understanding
• What is the significance of stating the place of commission of the offense in a complaint?


  It must be understood from the allegations that the offense occurred within the court's jurisdiction
• Is it necessary to state the precise date of the offense in a complaint?


  No, unless it is a material ingredient of the offense
• What must be included in the complaint regarding the name of the offended party?


  The name or any appellation of the person against whom the offense was committed
• What constitutes a money laundering offense under RA 10365?


  • Transacting monetary instruments or property related to unlawful activity
  • Converting, transferring, or disposing of such instruments or property
  • Concealing or disguising the true nature of such instruments or property
  • Attempting or conspiring to commit money laundering
  • Aiding or abetting in money laundering offenses
• What is the purpose of RA 10365?


  To further strengthen the Anti-Money Laundering Law
• What constitutes a money laundering offense?


  It involves transactions or actions related to proceeds of unlawful activity
• What is one action that constitutes money laundering?


  Transacting a monetary instrument that represents unlawful proceeds
• What does the term "covered person" refer to?


  Entities regulated by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
• What is a "covered transaction"?


  A transaction involving more than Php500,000 within one banking day
• What is a "suspicious transaction"?


  A transaction that lacks legal justification or deviates from a client's profile
• What are the stages of money laundering?

  1. Placement: Initial entry of "dirty" cash into the financial system.
  2. Layering: Complex transactions to obscure the source of funds.
  3. Integration: Money is returned to the criminal from seemingly legitimate sources.
• What is the primary purpose of the placement stage in money laundering?


  To relieve the criminal of holding large amounts of cash
• What happens during the layering stage of money laundering?


  Funds are moved internationally to obscure their source
• What is the goal of the integration stage in money laundering?


  To reunite the laundered money with the criminal without raising suspicion
• What are some common methods of money laundering?

  • Smurfing: Breaking large amounts into smaller transactions.
  • Electronic money: Using malware or phishing to acquire funds.
  • Offshore accounts: Placing money in jurisdictions with lax laws.
  • Money mules: Smugglers carrying cash across borders.
  • Cryptocurrencies: Using digital currencies for anonymous transactions.
  • Casinos: Exchanging chips for checks without gambling.
• What is "smurfing" in the context of money laundering?


  Breaking large amounts of cash into smaller transactions
• How do offshore accounts facilitate money laundering?


  By placing money in countries with less stringent anti-money laundering laws
• What role do cryptocurrencies play in money laundering?


  They provide anonymity and can facilitate large transfers without strict regulations