Char o' enzymes

• What is the nature of enzymes?


  Enzymes are globular proteins.
• What are ribozymes?

  Ribozymes are enzymes made of RNA.
• How do enzymes affect the rate of reaction?


  Enzymes increase the rate of reaction as catalysts.
• What is the difference between enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions?


  Enzymatic reactions occur millions of times faster than non-enzymatic reactions.
• Do enzymes initiate chemical reactions?


  No, enzymes only speed up reactions but do not initiate them.
• How much enzyme is required for a reaction?


  Enzymes are required in small quantities.
• What happens to enzymes after a reaction?


  Enzymes regain their original shape and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction.
• What is enzyme specificity?


  Enzymes are specific and catalyze only one type of reaction.
• What is an example of an enzyme and its substrate?

  Amylase acts on starch.
• What are the types of cofactors required by enzymes?


  • Activator: Detachable inorganic ions (e.g., Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺)
  • Prosthetic group: Organic molecules tightly attached (e.g., FAD, Haem)
  • Coenzyme: Detachable organic molecules (e.g., NAD, coenzyme A)
• What is the role of an activator in enzyme function?


  Activators are inorganic ions that enhance enzyme activity.
• What is a prosthetic group?


  A prosthetic group is an organic molecule tightly attached to an enzyme.
• What are examples of coenzymes?


  Examples of coenzymes include NAD and coenzyme A.
• How can enzyme production be regulated?


  Enzyme production can be increased or decreased by the cell according to requirements.
• What can regulate enzyme activity?

  Enzyme activity can be regulated by inhibitors or activators.
• What is a metabolic pathway?


  • A series of connected chemical reactions
  • Multiple intermediate molecules produced
  • Converts an initial substrate into a final product
• What is the energy of activation?


  The energy of activation is the minimum energy required to start a reaction.
• How do enzymes affect activation energy?


  Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.
• How do enzymes lower activation energy?


  Enzymes lower activation energy by changing the shape and charge of the substrate.
• What is the significance of lowering activation energy in biochemical reactions?


  • Allows reactions to occur at body temperature
  • Facilitates faster reaction rates
  • Enables biological processes to function efficiently