Medieval medical

• What were the three main types of practitioners in Medieval Medicine?

  Wise woman, Barber Surgeon, Monks
• What role did wise women play in Medieval Medicine?


  They provided medical care and remedies based on traditional knowledge
• What was the significance of monasteries in Medieval Medicine?


  They took care of the sick and provided hospices for the dying
• What was the basis of Medieval Medicine's treatment methods?


  It was based on the four humors
• What treatment method was commonly used for balancing the four humors?

  Bloodletting
• What were some common treatments in Medieval Medicine?

  Purging, herbs/plants, prayers, pilgrimage
• How was illness perceived in Medieval Medicine?


  Illness was often attributed to sin
• What were recommended treatments for illness due to sin in Medieval Medicine?


  Prayer, pilgrimage, and charity
• What were the four humors in Medieval Medicine?


  Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
• Who were the key figures in the education of university-trained practitioners in Medieval Medicine?

  Galen and Hippocrates
• What was the miasma theory in Medieval Medicine?


  It was the belief that bad smells caused disease
• What significant event occurred in 1348-1349 related to Medieval Medicine?


  The Black Death (plague) struck Europe
• What were the main components of Medieval Medicine's treatment philosophy?

  • Based on the four humors
  • Use of bloodletting and purging
  • Incorporation of herbs and plants
  • Emphasis on prayers and pilgrimages
• How did the understanding of illness in Medieval Medicine differ from modern perspectives?


  • Illness attributed to sin
  • Treatments focused on spiritual remedies
  • Lack of understanding of germs and pathogens
• Medical knowledge during this time included bloodletting, trepanation (drilling holes into skulls), and cauterization (burning wounds with hot irons).
• Physicians were often priests or monks who believed that illnesses were caused by evil spirits or demons.
• The Black Death killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe between 1347-1350.
• Medicine during this time was based on superstition, religion, and magic rather than science.
• Medieval physicians often relied on astrology to determine the best times for medical treatments, based on the alignment of planets.
• The Black Death killed about one-third to two-thirds of the population.
• The Black Death was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which is spread through fleas.
• Herbal remedies, such as using plants like aloe vera and garlic, were frequently used to treat various ailments in medieval times.
• Bloodletting was a common practice in medieval medicine, believed to balance the four humors in the body.
• What is the main focus of the study mentioned in the material?

  The link between disease and poverty
• Who is Alexander Fleming?

  A scientist who discovered penicillin
• In what year did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

  1928
• What significant quantity of penicillin was produced in 1945?

  16.8 trillion units
• How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

  He noticed mold growing in a petri dish that killed surrounding bacteria
• What type of bacteria did the mold in Fleming's experiment kill?

  Staphylococcus bacteria
• When was penicillin produced by the NHS?

  In 1945