ecology7

• what is a habitat

  place where organisms live
• what is an individual

  one organism of one species
• what is a population

  groups of the same species of animals or plants
• what is a community

  all the organisms of multiple species that interact
• is a biotic factor living or non living

  living
• is an abiotic fact living or non living

  non living
• what are some biotic factors

  foods, mates, predators, competition, pathogens
• what are some abiotic factors

  temperature, space, co2, sunlight, nutrients
• what is an ecosystem

  all the biotic and abiotic factors which affect organisms in a habitat
• what does a food chain tell you

  how energy is transferred
• what is a species

  organism that can reproduce to make fertile offspring
• what do animals need to survive

  food, water, shelter, space, a mate
• what do plants need to survive

  light, co2, water, nutrients, pollination
• what does intraspecific mean

  competition within species(for mates, food, space)
• what does interspecific mean

  competition between different species(for food)
• what are adaptations 


  special characteristics that allow an organism to survive in a particular environment
• what are structural adaptations

  structure of bones/body plan
• what are physiological adaptations

  how the body works/chemical reaction in body/helps survival
• what are behavioural adaptations

  how species behaves/thinks
• what is evolution 


  through natural selection it generates adaptations, anything that helps organisms survive
• what are some adaptations of animals to cold climates

  thick fur, blubber, rounded body shape, short legs, small ears, coat changing colour in summer
• how does thick fur and blubber help animals in cold climates

  insulation
• how does a rounded body shape, short legs and. small ears help animals in cold climates

  less surface area and heat loss
• how does coat colour changing in summer help animals in cold climates

  camouflage
• what are some adaptations of animals for hot climates

  large thin ears, little body fat, thin fur, long limbs, elongated body shape, often only active at night
• how do large think ears help animals who have adapted to hot climate

  high surface area for more heat loss
• how do little body fat, thin fur, long limbs and an elongated body shape help animals who have adapted to hot climates

  heat loss
• how does omly being active at night help animals who have adapted to hot climates

  avoid high heat of the day
• what are some adaptations of plants to dry climate

  spines instead of leaves, stems to store water, spread out root system, thick waxy cuticle
• how do spines instead of leaves help plants who have adapted to dry climates


  don’t need large surface area
• how do stems to store water, spread out root system and a thick waxy cuticle help plants who have adapted to dry climates

  prevents water loss
• what are extremophiles 


  organisms that love in every extreme environments and can survive conditions that would kill most other organisms
• what are examples of extreme conditions

  high temperatures, high salinity, high pressure
• what are the steps to the random sampling required practical

  1)define grid

  2)select random coordinates

  3)place quadrants on coordinated

  4)count organisms in quadrant

  5)repeat 10 times

  6)calculate mean of results

  7)divide the area of field by area of quadrant

  8)times mean and previous result
• what are the steps to the transect method of the random sampling required practical

  1)place transect at 90degrees to straying boundary

  2)place quadrant at regular distances along transect

  3)count population

  4)repeat with multiple transects

  5)generate mean for each distance

  6)plot graph for distance vs mean
• what is it called when the water moves from the plants or sea into cloud/atmosphere in the water cycle

  evaporation
• what is it called when the water moves from the clouds into the sea in the water cycle

  precipitation
• what is it called when the water forms a cloud in the water cycle

  condensation
• what is it called when the water moves in the xylem in the water cycle

  transpiration
• what is it called when the water moves from the land(stream) into the sea in the water cycle

  surface runoff