classical liberalism

• what are the key features of classical liberalism?


  radical politically, radiocal in gender terms and egotistical individualism
• why is the classical liberalism government radical?


  government should be based on the consent of the governed and represent the will of the people
• radical in gender terms

  all men and women are rational and would be extended by some as much as J.S Mill and Mary Wollstonecraft to include women as well as
• egotistical individualism


  humans are self-seeking, rational and independent
• night-watchmen state


  the state must only act to protect the peace, safety and public good of the people according to Locke
• what is free-market capitalism?


  the market economy based around property rights, can deliver prosperity for the individual and society. state must not interfere with free trade and competition
• what was John Locke's book on the limits of government?


  two treatise of government
• what idea did Locke reject regarding the right of kings?


  divine right of kings
• what did Locke mean by Tabula rasa?


  people are born with blank minds
• what did Locke argue that humans are?


  naturally free, equal and independent and not naturally under authority
• what did Locke believe the state of nature without government would be?


  largely peaceful
• according to Locke what did individuals enter into to form the state and resolve clashes?


  a SOCIAL CONTRACT
• according to Locke, when can a civil government arise?


  when people freely and consciously give up their own power and liberty to consent to being governed
• in the social contract, what does a limited government mean?


  rulers should not tule in their own interests
• if a government becomes tyrannical what can the people do?


  overthrow the government and withdraw their consent
• what is a constitutional government constrained by?


  laws
• how did Locke want to organise the government to stop them becoming too powerful?


  separation of powers
• what are the two roles of government?


  making laws and enforcing laws
• according to Locke, how is property gained?


  through the work and effort that you put into something
• what did Locke claim owning property allowed?


  freedom from state control
• what is the labour theory of property?


  to make the land yours you have to put labour into it
• What book did Adam Smith write?


  Wealth of Nations
• what are the principles of economy in classical liberalism?


  economic self interest

  unlimited free enterprise

  anti-welfare

  low taxes
• socialist criticisms of the free market system


  some people are born in possession of more property, wealth and intellectual capacity than others
• according to socialism private property is what?


  a myth to justify theft of common resources
• according to socialism what does wage labour lead to?


  exploitation
• what are Mary Wollstonecraft's ideas seen as the foundation for?


  women's suffrage
• what book did Mary Wollstonecraft write?


  A Vindication of the Rights of Women
• what did formal equality with men mean?


  legal equality
• what were the two main aims of Wollstonecraft?


  Women's suffrage and access to education
• What did Wollstonecraft want for women within marriage?


  the right to divorce, protection against domestic violence. the right to property and employment
• what viewpoint did Wollstonecraft have?


  Republicans - no monarch
• what did Wollstonecraft think of slavery?


  she didn't think that enslaved women had many rights or a claim to rights, didn't call for an outright end to slavery
• how was Wollstonecraft classist?


  she thought that children intended for domestic employment or mechanical trades shouldn't have further education after age 9
• What issue is Mill concerned with in his book On

  Liberty

  to what extent does the state have the right to control an individual
• What was the danger following the fall of absolute monarchies being replaced by democratic government?

  tyranny of the majority
• What limit does Mill argue government and society has over the freedom of the individual?


  When they harm others
• what three freedoms should be upheld. - Mill


  Freedom of speech, own property, freedom of action
• How does Mill define Harm


  direct physical harm
• Why does Mill argue that the environment of free expression is good for all?


  scrutiny can be upheld and new ideas can prevail