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Miscellaneous
Anatomy
Nervous system
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Megan M
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Cards (14)
What are the main functions of the
nervous system
Receives and processes
sensory input
Integrates information
Controls muscles and glands via
motor output
Homeostasis
Mental activity
Cell types
Neurons
- transmit electrical stimuli through the body
Neuroglia
- support, nourish and insulate neurons
three types of
neurons
sensory
motor
relay
structures
sensory receptors
-
nerve endings
that detect stimuli
nerves
- bundles of axons that transmit impulses
ganglia
- collections of nerve cell bodies
plexus
- a network of nerves formed from ventral branches of spinal nerves
nerves
and
nerve fibers
individual
axons
surrounded by
perineurium
bundle together to make a nerve fiber
fibers are surrounded by
epineurium
in their bundles to make nerves
cranial nerves
12 pairs
originate directly from the brain
sensory
,
motor
or both
spinal column
grey matter
in an H shape
has a
dorsal
and
ventral
horn
central canal
where
spinal chord
runs
white matter
surrounding
grey matter
contains
cell bodies
and fibers
white matter
only contains fibers
Types of nerve fibers
Motor
=
efferent
Sensory
=
afferent
somatic
general somatic
afferent
= skin to sensory neurons
general somatic
efferent
= motor to skeletal muscle
autonomic
-
visceral
general visceral
afferent
= organ to sensory neuron
general visceral
efferent
=
motor neuron
to
smooth muscle
afferent
= peripheral to
CNS
efferent
= CNS to peripheral
sympathetic
short
preganglionic
neuron
long
postganglionic
neuron
parasympathetic
long
preganglionic
neuron
short
postganglionic
neuron