2.4 Proteins

• Roles of protein acronym is SHITSME (structure, insulin, antibodies, haemoglobin, rhodopsin, actin and myosin, rubisco).
• There are 20 different amino acids which are differentiated by their R Group.
• Amino acids are all crystalline, decompose at 200 degrees and their R Group determines their acidity.
• Non standard amino acids have undergone post translational modification. There are 17000 non standard amino acids.
• When a dipeptide is formed via a condensation reaction a peptide bond is formed with a byproduct of water.
• Primary level protein structure is experienced by all proteins and is a sequence of amino acids to make a protein in the shape of a chain.
• Secondary level protein structure is experienced by all proteins where the sequence of amino acids beings to fold with hydrogen bonds between non-adjacent amino acids.
• Tertiary level protein structure is experienced by all proteins where the final folded structure arises due to the R groups interacting. At this stage the polypeptide becomes a functional protein.
• Quaternary level protein structure is not experienced by all proteins and is where multiple polypeptide chains are integrated into the final polypeptide.