Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

• What are some signs and symptoms of VSD?


  Failure to thrive

  Pansystolic murmur (loudest at left parasternal)

  HF features - Pallor, hepatomegaly, tachycardia, tachypnoea
• What are some complications of VSD?


  Infective endocarditis

  Aortic regurgitation

  RHF

  Eisenmenger's complex
• What causes Eisenmenger's complex?


  Prolonged pulmonary HTN from left to right shunt:

  Right vent hypertrophy and inc pressure -> exceeds left vent pressure = right to left shunt
• What causes VSD?


  Congentical infections

  Chromosomal disorders

  MI
• What chromosomal disorders are associated with VSD?


  Down's

  Edward's

  Patau

  Cri-du-chat
• What are some risk factors for VSD?


  Family history

  Maternal alcohol consumption

  Chromosomal disorders
• Why is an echo done for VSD?


  Confirm & estimate degree of shunting

  Determine pulmonary sytemic blood flow ratio
• How is VSD managed conservatively?


  Monitoring

  Nutritional support
• How is VSD managed medically?


  Heart failure medication
• How is VSD managed surgically?


  Closure

  Heart / lung transplant if Eisenmenger's is present