Water

• Why is water vital to living organisms?

  Water is essential for metabolic processes and as a solvent.
• What elements make up a water molecule?


  Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen.
• How does water act as a solvent?


  Water dissolves most substances, including proteins, salts, and sugars.
• What role does water play in temperature regulation?

  Water has a high latent heat of vaporization and high specific heat capacity.
• Why is water considered non-toxic?


  Many organisms inhabit aquatic environments, indicating its safety.
• How does water assist in transportation within plants?

  Water moves easily up through xylem tissue and acts as a solvent for nutrients.
• What are the useful properties of water?

  • Exceptional solvent
  • Acts as a reactant or product in reactions
  • High latent heat of vaporization
  • High specific heat capacity
  • High cohesion
  • Low level of compression
  • High surface tension
  • Polar nature
  • High tensile strength
• What is the significance of water being a dipolar substance?


  It allows water to dissolve charged ions and substances with partially charged ends.
• How do water molecules dissolve substances?


  Water molecules attract to the positive and negative sides of other molecules.
• What is cohesion in the context of water molecules?


  Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules.
• What role does hydrogen bonding play in water's properties?


  Hydrogen bonding holds water together in liquid form and contributes to its cohesion.
• How does strong cohesion affect water's surface tension?


  Strong cohesion leads to high surface tension, allowing water to form a 'skin' on the surface.
• Why do water droplets form instead of spreading out?

  Water droplets form because water molecules stick to each other due to cohesion.
• How does water move against gravity in plants?

  Water moves against gravity with the help of transpiration pull.
• What is the chemical formula of a water molecule?

  The chemical formula of water is H₂O.
• What type of bond forms between oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule?


  A covalent bond forms between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
• Why are hydrogen atoms in water considered polar molecules?

  Hydrogen atoms are slightly positive because oxygen is more electronegative.
• What causes the slight charges in a water molecule?

  The uneven distribution of electrons results in slightly negative and positive poles.
• How do hydrogen bonds compare to covalent bonds in terms of strength?


  Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds.
• How does the slightly negatively charged oxygen atom interact with nearby water molecules?


  The slightly negatively charged oxygen atom attracts the slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms of other water molecules.
• What are the key features of water's molecular structure?

  • One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms
  • Covalent bonds formed by shared electrons
  • Polar nature with slight charges
  • Hydrogen bonds between water molecules