Eukaryotic cells

• Name the organelles in a eukaryotic cell

  Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, lysosome, centriole, Golgi apparatus, nucleus

  A) Nucleus

  B) Centirole

  C) Lysome

  D) cytoplasm

  E) cell membrane

  F) mitochondrium

  G) ser

  H) ribosome

  I) rer

  
• What surrounds the central vacuole in a plant cell?


  A single membrane
• What substances are contained within the central vacuole?


  Low molecular weight sugars and some salts
• How does the size of the central vacuole in a plant cell change?


  It can change size but is large
• What is the function of sugars and amino acids in the central vacuole?


  They act as temporary storage
• What is the primary component of the cell wall in plants, algae, and fungi?

  Polysaccharide cellulose
• What role does the cell wall play in relation to osmotic pressure?


  It provides strong resistance to osmotic pressure
• How does the cell wall assist in water movement?


  It allows water to be pulled up
• What is the size range of chloroplasts in plant cells?


  1. 10 μm long
• What is the primary function of chloroplasts?


  They carry out photosynthesis
• What is contained within the chloroplasts that is essential for photosynthesis?


  Chlorophyll
• What structural feature of chloroplasts aids in photosynthesis?


  Double plasma membranes and tightly folded thylakoids
• What is the function of the thylakoids in chloroplasts?


  They are involved in light-dependent reactions
• What is formed in the fluid-filled matrix of chloroplasts?


  Starch grains
• What is a tissue in biological terms?


  • A collection of similar cells
  • Performs a specific function
  • Example: Xylem transports water and mineral ions
• What is an organ in biological terms?


  • Combination of tissues
  • Coordinated to perform a variety of functions
  • Example: Heart pumps blood
• What is a system in biological terms?


  • Group of organs working together
  • Example: Digestive system processes food
  • Example: Respiratory system exchanges gases
• Why are cells specialized?

  To perform specific functions effectively
• What is the equivalent of 1 kilometre in metres?


  1000 metres
• What is the equivalent of 1 micrometre in nanometres?


  1000 nanometres
• What is the equivalent of 1 metre in micrometres?


  1,000,000 micrometres
• What is the function of a plasma membrane?

  Boundary between cell and its environment.
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  Has pores to let MRNA out and keep DNA in.
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Energy production and maximises rate of respiration.
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Breaks down old organelles and materials
• What do lysosomes contain?

  Digestive enzymes
• What is the role of ribosomes?

  Synthesise protein using mRNA
• What does each part of a ribosome contain?

  RNA and protein
• What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

  Acts as a channel for communication
• What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  SER has no ribosomes, RER has ribosomes
• Why is the endoplasmic reticulum important for enzyme reactions?

  It provides a big surface area for reactions
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Packages enzymes and other proteins
• How does the Golgi apparatus package proteins?

  By endocytosis
• What is the function of microvilli?

  Increases surface area for absorption
• What shape do microvilli have?

  Finger-like projections
• What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

  Makes cells turgid and supports plants
• What do vacuoles act as in plant cells?

  Temporary food storage
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  Allows water to pass and provides strength
• How does the cell wall prevent cell bursting?

  Stops cell bursting from osmotic pressure
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  Carry out photosynthesis