AO1

• What is free will in psychology?


  The idea that humans can make free choices about their behavior
• What is the main belief of the humanistic approach regarding free will?


  The humanistic approach believes in free will and rejects scientific approaches.
• How does the humanistic approach view human behavior?

  It views human behavior as unique and emphasizes a person-centered understanding.
• What is the key element of the humanistic approach?


  The key element is its focus on healthy growth and self-actualization.
• What does self-actualization refer to in the humanistic approach?


  Self-actualization refers to achieving one's full potential.
• What is the relationship between self-actualization and Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


  Self-actualization is the uppermost level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
• What must individuals achieve before reaching self-actualization according to Maslow's hierarchy?

  Individuals must meet the lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy first.
• What psychological barriers may prevent self-actualization?


  Psychological barriers include incongruence between the actual self and ideal self.
• What does the humanistic approach believe in regarding human behavior?


  Free will
• How does the humanistic approach differ from scientific approaches?


  It rejects scientific approaches in favor of a more person-centered approach
• What is a key assumption of the humanistic approach regarding individuals?


  Everyone is unique
• What does the humanistic approach focus on in terms of mental health?


  Healthy growth
• According to the humanistic approach, what causes mental health issues?


  When an individual is missing something in their growth
• What is considered the most important element of human behavior in the humanistic approach?


  Self-actualization
• What are the key elements of the humanistic approach?


  • Belief in free will
  • Rejection of scientific approaches
  • Focus on healthy growth
  • Emphasis on self-actualization
  • Recognition of individual uniqueness
• What is self-actualization?


  It is the innate tendency to achieve one's full potential.
• What is the significance of self-actualization in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


  It is the uppermost level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
• Why can't individuals achieve self-actualization before meeting lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy?


  Because they must fulfill all other needs first.
• What must be met before an individual can work towards self-actualization?

  All other needs in Maslow's hierarchy must be met.
• What is the outcome of achieving self-actualization?


  Reaching one's full potential.
• Who will manage the psychological barriers to reaching full potential according to humanistic psychologists?


  Humanistic psychologists
• What are the psychological barriers that may prevent a person from reaching their full potential?


  More important psychological barriers
• Who is associated with the concepts of self, congruence, and worth?

  Rogers
• What are the two selves that Rogers believed we have?


  Our sense of self and our ideal self
• How does Rogers define the sense of self?


  It is how we see ourselves
• What does Rogers mean by the ideal self?


  It is what we would like to be
• What is necessary for personal growth according to the study material?

  Congruence between the two selves is necessary for personal growth.
• What happens when there is incongruence between the two selves?

  Incongruence leads to negative feelings of self-worth and hinders self-actualization.
• Who believed that a lack of unconditional positive regard from parents can create incongruence?

  Rogers believed that a lack of unconditional positive regard can create incongruence.
• How can a parent cause future problems for their child according to Rogers?


  A parent can cause problems by setting boundaries on their love, such as saying 'I will only love you if...'
• What therapy did Rogers create to address incongruence?


  Rogers created client-centered therapy to address incongruence.
• What term did Rogers use for individuals in therapy?


  Rogers referred to individuals in therapy as clients rather than patients.
• What is the nature of client-centered therapy?


  Client-centered therapy is non-directive and encourages clients to discover their own solutions.
• What atmosphere does client-centered therapy provide?


  The therapy provides a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental atmosphere.
• What qualities should an effective therapist provide according to Rogers?


  An effective therapist should provide genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard.
• What is the goal of increasing a person's feelings of self-worth in therapy?

  The goal is to reduce incongruence and help the person become a more fully functioning individual.
• How many countries did Hagerty's research cover and over what period?


  Hagerty's research covered 88 countries over a 34-year period.