US History (Ch. 7-9)

• What is the time period covered in Chapter 7 of the lecture notes?

  1800 to 1816
• What were the main developments during the Age of Jefferson?


  • Prosperity
  • Rapid population growth, especially in the West
  • Emergence of sectionalism
• What remained the foundation of the economy during this period?

  Agriculture and trade
• How did American shipping perform between 1793 and 1805?


  It enjoyed a spurt of prosperity
• What happened to American shipping when England and France restricted America's rights?


  It suffered economically
• By what percentage did the population grow every decade during this period?

  35%
• What was the population of the United States by 1830?

  13 million
• What was notable about the age distribution of the population in 1830?

  One-third of the population was under ten years of age
• Which states emerged from areas previously populated by Indians?

  Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio
• What cultural characteristics emerged in the West due to population growth?


  A new regional culture of a rootless, optimistic folk
• What was the impact of numerous Indian tribes on settlement in the West?


  They stood in the way of settlement and threatened statehood
• How did Indian tribes view property rights compared to Americans?


  They had a very different conception of property rights
• Who were the most well-known tribes that resisted encroachment?

  The Shawnees
• Who led the Shawnee resistance against white encroachment?

  Tecumseh
• What was Tenskwatawa known as?


  The Prophet
• What did Tenskwatawa urge his people to do?


  To resist whites by abstaining from alcohol and American products
• What was the outcome of the Shawnee resistance led by Tecumseh?


  They were forced out by General William Henry Harrison
• What did Thomas Jefferson prioritize during his presidency?


  Cutting the federal debt and federal taxes
• How did Jefferson reduce federal expenses?


  By slashing military spending
• What was the effect of reducing the army on republican government?


  It removed a threat to republican government
• How did Jefferson handle political appointments?


  He retained only competent bureaucrats regardless of party
• What was the consequence of Jefferson's refusal to purge Federalists?


  It hastened the demise of the Federalist Party
• What did Americans assume regarding New Orleans?

  They would eventually buy or take it from Spain
• What happened in 1801 regarding Louisiana?


  France acquired Louisiana back from Spain
• What did Jefferson do when Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana?


  He sent a mission to buy it for $15 million
• What was the cost of the Louisiana Purchase?

  $15 million
• What did Jefferson do even before purchasing Louisiana?


  He sent an exploring party into the area
• What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?


  To report on the economic prospects of the area
• When did the Lewis and Clark Expedition set out?


  May 1804
• Where did the Lewis and Clark Expedition spend the winter of 1804-1805?


  At a Mandan Indian town in one of the Dakotas
• What was the route taken by the Lewis and Clark Expedition?


  They followed the Missouri River to the Pacific
• What was the total cost of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?


  Just over $2,500
• What did Jefferson worry about regarding the Louisiana Purchase?


  That Congress might not have the constitutional right to make the purchase
• How did Jefferson establish governance for the new territory?


  He governed it from Washington without self-rule for the inhabitants
• How did the American people respond to Jefferson's actions regarding the new territory?


  They thoroughly approved and reelected him in 1804
• What did Jefferson do to address the Barbary States?


  He sent the Navy into the Mediterranean to fight them
• What was the outcome of Jefferson's actions against the Barbary States?


  They respected American rights
• What did the Federalists do before transferring power to the Republicans in 1801?


  They created new circuit courts filled with loyal Federalist judges
• What did Congress do when Jefferson took office regarding the new courts?


  They repealed the law, abolishing the new courts
• What did the Federalists claim about the repeal of the new courts?


  It violated the tenure of judges guaranteed by the Constitution