structural organisation

• What is the major function of the integumentary system?


  It serves as the external body covering and synthesizes Vitamin D.
• What are the components of the integumentary system?


  It contains receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands.
• What is the primary function of the skeletal system?


  It protects and supports body organs.
• What role does the skeletal system play in relation to muscles?


  It provides a framework for muscles.
• What are the functions of the muscular system?


  It is responsible for locomotion, posture, and generating heat.
• What does the nervous system respond to?


  It responds to internal and external stimuli.
• What are the components of the nervous system?


  It consists of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
• What is the primary function of the endocrine system?


  It is responsible for hormone secretion.
• What effects do hormones from the endocrine system have?


  They influence growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
• What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?


  It transports blood, nutrients, waste, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
• What does the urinary system remove from the body?


  It removes nitrogenous waste.
• What balances does the urinary system regulate?


  It regulates water-electrolyte balance and acid-base balance of blood.
• What is the primary function of the reproductive systems?


  It is responsible for sexual reproduction.
• What is the role of the lymphatic system?


  It is involved in immunity and houses lymphocytes.
• What is the main function of the respiratory system?


  It facilitates gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• What is the primary function of the digestive system?


  It breaks down food for entry into the bloodstream.
• What are the four basic types of tissues?

  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue

  
• How are epithelia named?


  They are named in two parts: the number of layers and the cell shape.
• What is an example of simple epithelia?


  Simple squamous epithelia.
• Where are simple epithelia typically found?


  They are found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur.
• What are stratified epithelia commonly found?


  They are common in high-abrasion areas where protection is important.
• What is the outer layer of the skin called?


  The epidermis.
• What is keratin?


  It is a tough protective protein found in the epidermis.
• What is the characteristic of simple columnar epithelia?


  It has a single layer of tall cells.
• What is the defining feature of pseudostratified columnar epithelia?


  It appears to have multiple layers but is actually a single layer of cells.
• What is the characteristic of stratified transitional epithelia?


  It can stretch and change shape, found in areas like the bladder.
• What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?


  It is well-vascularized and responsible for body movement.
• What are the three kinds of muscle tissue?

  Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
• What is the appearance of skeletal muscle tissue?


  It has a banded or striated appearance due to myofilament alignment.
• Where is skeletal muscle tissue found?


  It is packaged by connective tissue into sheets and attached to bones.
• What is unique about cardiac muscle tissue?


  It is found only in the walls of the heart and contains intercalated discs.
• How does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?


  Cardiac muscle cells generally contain only one nucleus and fit tightly together.
• What is the appearance of smooth muscle tissue?


  It has no visible striations and is spindle-shaped with one centrally located nucleus.
• Where is smooth muscle found?


  It is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the digestive tract and blood vessels.
• What is the function of smooth muscle?


  It squeezes substances through hollow organs by alternately contracting and relaxing.