Muscular system

• What is origin ?

  Where a muscle attaches to a stable bone
• What is insertion ?

  Where a muscle attaches to a moving bone
• What is an agonist ?

  The muscle under tension causing a movement
• What is an antagonist ?

  The muscle that relaxes to coordinate movement
• What is a fixator ?

  A muscle that stabiles the joint during movement
• What is a concentric contraction ?

  concentic contraction where the muscle gets shorter under tension
• What an eccentric contraction ?

  eccentric contraction where the muscle lengths under tension
• What is an isometric contraction ?

  A contraction where the muscle is under tension with no movement
• What is the movement analysis of the elbow ?

  Joint type - hinge

  Articulating bones - humerus, radius, ulna

  Plane movement - sagittal
• What is the antagonist and agonist for the elbow in flexion ?


  Agonist - bicep brachii

  Antagonist - tricep brachii
• Example for extension in the elbow

  Downward phase of a bicep curl
• What is the movement analysis of the wrist ?

  Joint type - condyloid

  Articulating bones - carpels, radius, ulna

  Plane of movement - sagittal
• What is the agonist and antagonist muscle during Flexion at the wrist ?

  Agonist - wrist flexor

  Antagonist - wrist extensor
• Example of extension at the wrist

  Preparing for a shot in basketball
• What is the movement analysis of the knee ?

  Joint type - hinge

  Articulating bone - femur, tibia, fibula

  Plane of movement - sagittal
• What is the agonist and antagonist muscle of the knee during flexion ?

  Agonist - bicep femoris

  Antagonist- rectus femoris
• Example of extension at the knee

  The execution of kicking a ball in football
• What is the movement analysis of the ankle ?

  Joint type - hinge

  Articulating bone - talus, tibia, fibula

  Plane of movement - sagittal
• What is the agonist and antagonist muscle of the ankle during plantar flexion ?

  Agonist - gastrocnemius

  Antagonist - tibial is anterior
• Example of plantar flexion

  Upward phase of a calf raise
• What is the movement analysis of the shoulder ?

  Joint type - ball and socket

  Articulating bone - humorous, scapula

  Planes of movement - sagittal, frontal, transverse
• What is the agonist and antagonist muscles of flexion at the shoulder ?

  Agonist - anterior deltoid

  Antagonist - posterior deltoid
• What is the agonist and antagonist muscle of the shoulder during adduction ?

  Agonist - lattisimus Dorsi

  Antagonist - middle deltoid
• what is the agonist and antagonist muscle of the shoulder during medial rotation ?

  Agonist - tres major, subscapalaris

  Antagonist - tres minor, infraspinatus
• what is the agonist and antagonist muscle of the shoulder during horizontal flexion ?

  Agonist - pectoralis major

  Antagonist - pectoralis deltoid
• what is the movement analysis of the hip ?

  joint type - ball + socket

  articulating bone - pelvis, femur

  planes of movement - sagittal, frontal, transverse
• What is the agonist and antagonist muscles of flexion at the hip ?

  Agonist - iliopsoas

  Antagonist - gluteus maximus
• What is the agonist and antagonist muscle of the hip during adduction ?

  Agonist - adductor longus

  Antagonist - gluteus medius
• what is the agonist and antagonist muscle of the hip during medial rotation ?

  Agonist - gluteus medius

  Antagonist - gluteus maximus
• what is the motor neuron ?

  a nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres
• what is a motor unit ?

  a motor neuron and a muscle fibres stimulated by its axon
• what is action potential ?

  a positive electrical charge that travels down the axon conduction the nerve impulse from the CNS to the muscle
• what is the neuro-muscular junction ?

  where the neuron meets the muscle fibre
• what is acetylcholine ?

  the neurotransmitter
• what is the all or none law ?

  enough neurotransmitter is released and reaches the threshold the muscle will contract if not the muscle wont contract
• what does the M stand for in 'Man says all' ?

  motor neurons send impulses from the CNS to the muscle fibres
• what does the first A stand for in 'Man says all' ?

  action potential is carried down the axon
• what does the N stand for in 'Man says all' ?

  neuro- muscular junction
• what does the first S stand for in 'Man says all' ?

  synaptic cleft is the gap between the axon and muscle fibres
• what does the A stand for in 'Man says all' ?

  acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter