Acid-base abnormality

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Created by
Jessica Jardine

Cards (16)

  • What are the possible causes of metabolic acidosis?

    Diabetic ketoacidosis
    Lactic acidosis
    Aspirin overdose
    Renal failure
    GI loss of HCO3- (diarrhoea, ileostomy, proximal colostomy)
    Renal tubular disease
    Addison's disease
  • What are the possible causes of metabolic alkalosis?

    GI loss of H+ ions (vomiting, diarrhoea)
    Renal loss of H+ (loop & thiazide diuretics, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, Conn's syndrome)
    Iatrogenic (excess alkali)
  • ABG results - metabolic alkalosis

    High pH
    High HCO3-
    Normal CO2
  • ABG results - metabolic acidosis 

    Low pH
    Low HCO3-
    Normal CO2
  • ABG results - metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
    Low pH
    Low HCO3-
    Low CO2
  • ABG results - metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

    High pH
    High HCO3-
    Low CO2
  • What are the possible causes of respiratory acidosis?

    Respiratory depression (opiates, benzodiazepines)
    Guillian-Barre (paralysis -> inability to adequately ventilation
    Life-threatening asthma (decompensated)
    COPD
    Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
    Neuromuscular disease
    Iatrogenic (incorrect mechanical ventilation settings)
  • What are the possible causes of respiratory alkalosis?
    Anxiety (panic attack)
    Pain (due to increased resp rate)
    Hypoxia
    CNS disorders (stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, encephalitis)
    PE
    PTX
    Altitude
    Pregnancy
    Iatrogenic (excessive mechanical ventilation)
  • What is mixed respiratory & metabolic acidosis? (ABG)

    Low pH
    High CO2
    Low HCO3-
  • What are the possible causes of mixed respiratory & metabolic acidosis?

    Cardiac arrest
    Multi-organ failure
  • What is mixed respiratory & metabolic alkalosis?

    High pH
    Low CO2
    High HCO3-
  • What are the possible causes of mixed respiratory & metabolic alkalosis?
    Liver cirrhosis
    Hyperemesis gravidarum
    Excessive ventilation in COPD
  • ABG results - respiratory acidosis

    Low pH
    High CO2
    Normal HCO3-
  • ABG results - respiratory alkalosis 

    High pH
    Low CO2
    Normal HCO3-
  • ABG results - respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

    Low/normal pH
    High CO2
    High HCO3-
  • ABG results - respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation

    High/normal pH
    Low CO2
    Low HCO3-