conformity

• What is meant by social influence?

  Impact of others on individual behavior
• What is the definition of conformity?

  Change in behavior due to pressure
• What is the difference between types and explanations of conformity?

  Types are categories; explanations are reasons
• Who proposed the types of conformity?

  Kelman in 1958
• What are the three types of conformity?

  • Internalization
  • Identification
  • Compliance
• How can you remember the types of conformity?

  Types are short words without additional terms
• What is internalization in conformity?

  Agreeing publicly and privately, permanent change
• What is identification in conformity?

  Valuing a group while privately disagreeing
• What is compliance in conformity?

  Temporary public agreement without private belief
• Who proposed the explanations for conformity?

  Deutsch and Gerard in 1955
• What is informational social influence?

  Conforming to be correct in uncertain situations
• What is normative social influence?

  Conforming to be accepted and liked by others
• What are the strengths and limitations of informational social influence?

  Strengths:

  • Research support for the need to be right
  • Valid explanation for conformity in uncertain situations

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Individual differences not accounted for
  • May not apply universally to all individuals
• What are the strengths and limitations of normative social influence?

  Strengths:

  • Research support for the need to be liked
  • Valid explanation for conformity in social settings

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Individual differences in need for approval
  • May not apply to all social groups
• How do informational and normative social influence work together?

  They may influence conformity simultaneously
• What did Asch's experiment reveal about conformity?

  Conformity increases with task difficulty
• What was the conformity rate in Asch's study?

  36.8%
• What happens to conformity when responses are private?

  Conformity rates decrease significantly
• What is the aim of the study by Schultz et al.?

  To see if social norms influence behavior
• What was the outcome of Schultz et al.'s study?

  Guests reduced towel usage to fit in
• Who conducted research on conformity to social roles?

  Philip Zimbardo
• What is the main focus of Zimbardo's study?

  Conformity to social roles in a mock prison
• In what year did Zimbardo conduct his research?

  1971
• What are social roles?

  Parts people play in social groups
• What expectations come with being a student?

  Students should be respectful
• What did Zimbardo aim to find in his study?

  Whether people conform to prisoner and guard roles
• Where was the mock prison set up for Zimbardo's study?

  Stanford University
• What type of sample did Zimbardo use for his study?

  Volunteer sample
• Why is a volunteer sample considered a limitation?

  It may attract people with free time
• How were participants assigned to roles in Zimbardo's study?

  Randomly assigned to guards or prisoners
• What happened to the prisoners during the study?

  They were arrested at home by police
• What was the identity of the prisoners reduced to?

  Only their numbers were used
• What items did the guards use to assert control?

  Uniforms, clubs, handcuffs, and keys
• What was the guards' instruction regarding the prisoners?

  They had complete control over them
• What was the outcome of the guards' behavior?

  It became a threat to the prisoners
• How long did the study last before it was terminated?

  Six days
• What did the prisoners do within two days of the study?

  They rebelled against the guards
• What tactics did the guards use to control the prisoners?

  Divide and rule tactics
• What was the psychological state of the prisoners after the rebellion?

  They became subdued, depressed, and anxious
• How many prisoners were released due to psychological disturbance?

  Three prisoners