Water

• Properties of water


  1. Liquid between 0°C and 100°C
  2. High specific heat capacity
  3. High latent heat of evaporation and fusion
  4. Ice is less dense than water
  5. High surface tension
  6. Strong adhesion to surfaces
  7. strong cohesion between molecules
  8. Low viscosity, but not too low
  9. Universal solvent
  10. High transmission of visible light
• What causes water to be a universal solvent?

  The oxygen in water is delta negative and the hydrogen is delta postive due to more e- being on the outer part of the oxygen and less on the outer part of the hydrogen causing it to attract charged molecules giving it the ability to split it up
• What causes water cohesion

  The delta negative oxygen attract to the delta positive hydrogen of other water molecules forming hydrogen bonds  
• What causes water adhesion


  The polar properties of the water means it can attract to the surface of objects
• How is water liquid between 0c and 100c

  hydrogen bonds cause the water to have strong intermolecular bonds causing it to have a high boiling point
• Why does water have a high specific heat capacity


  it takes lots of energy to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules so it can hold lots of energy
• Why does water have a high latent heat of evaporation 


  The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are strong causing the water to take lots of energy to heat up by one degree
• Condensation reaction 


  Two smaller molecules joining to form a larger molecule producing one water molecule per reaction
• Hydrolysis 


  A large molecule breaking into two smaller molecules using one water molecule
• What is the advantage of high latent heat of evaporation for animals


  This allows panting and sweating to cool down the animals maintaning internal body temperature
• What is the advantage of surface tension for animals


  Allows aniamals to move ontop of water such as pond skaters
• What is the importance of high specific heat capacity for animals


  Takes alot of energy to increase temp of water allowing organisms to move and run without increasing body temperature by a drastic amount