History-conflict&tension

• What was the main purpose of the League of Nations?


  To promote peace and prevent future conflicts
• What were the main aims of the League of Nations?


  To resolve disputes, improve lives, and enforce disarmament
• Which countries were not members of the League of Nations?


  The USA, USSR, and Germany
• How was the League of Nations structured?


  It included an Assembly, a Council, and a Secretariat
• When did the League of Nations officially come into existence?


  January 1920
• What was Woodrow Wilson's role in the formation of the League of Nations?


  He proposed the idea as part of his 14 Points peace plan
• Where was the headquarters of the League of Nations located?


  Geneva, Switzerland
• What were the main aims of the League of Nations summarized as an acronym?


  • S: Stop wars (keep international peace)
  • I: Improve lives of ordinary people
  • D: Disarmament (encourage countries to get rid of weapons)
  • E: Enforce the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
• Who were the most powerful countries in the League of Nations?


  Britain and France
• Why was the League of Nations weaker without the USA?


  Because the USA was a major world power and its absence diminished the League's influence
• What was the main purpose of the Paris Peace Conference?


  To agree on the Treaty of Versailles
• How many members did the League of Nations have at its inception?


  42 members
• Why did the Big Three need to act quickly during the Paris Peace Conference?


  Europe was unstable after the war
• What was the concept of collective security in the League of Nations?


  All member countries would work together to ensure peace
• Who were the Big Three leaders at the Paris Peace Conference?

  David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson
• What were the four main powers of the League of Nations summarized as the 4 Ms?


  • M: Mitigation (prevent war through discussion)
  • M: Moral condemnation (publicly disapprove)
  • M: Money (economic sanctions)
  • M: Military action (request troops from members)
• What did Georges Clemenceau want from the Treaty of Versailles?


  He wanted Germany to pay reparations and be weakened
• What was the role of the Assembly in the League of Nations?


  It served as the international parliament where representatives met annually
• How often did the Council of the League of Nations meet?


  More frequently than the Assembly
• How did David Lloyd George's approach differ from Clemenceau's regarding Germany?


  Lloyd George wanted a cautious approach while Clemenceau sought harsh punishment
• Who were the four permanent members of the Council?

  Britain, France, Italy, and Japan
• What were Woodrow Wilson's main goals at the Paris Peace Conference?


  To achieve a fair peace and implement his Fourteen Points
• What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles?


  It stated that Germany had to accept all blame for the war
• What was the function of the Permanent Court of International Justice?


  To provide hearings and advice in disputes, though rulings were not compulsory
• What restrictions were placed on Germany's armed forces by the Treaty of Versailles?


  Germany's army was limited to 100,000 soldiers and no tanks or air force
• What was the role of the Secretariat in the League of Nations?


  To handle administration and arrange actions
• What was the amount set for Germany's reparations in 1921?

  £6.6 billion
• How did the people of Germany react to the Treaty of Versailles?


  They hated it and felt betrayed
• What were the aims and successes of the League's Special Commissions?


  • International Labour Organisation: Improve working conditions
  • Success: Reduced death rate on Tanganyika railway from over 50% to 4%
  • Failure: Refused to stop child labor under 14
  • Commission for Refugees: Help displaced people
  • Success: Freed 427,000 prisoners of war
  • Failure: Failed to help Jews escape Nazi Germany
  • Slavery Commission: End slavery
  • Success: Freed 200,000 slaves from Sierra Leone
  • Permanent Central Opium Board: Tackle illegal drug trade
  • Success: Blacklisted four companies
  • Failure: Some countries resisted stopping opium trade
• Why did the German people refer to the signers of the Treaty of Versailles as the 'November Criminals'?


  They felt betrayed by their government for signing the treaty
• How did the League of Nations address the Aaland Islands dispute in 1921?


  The League awarded the islands to Finland and forbade military bases
• What was the significance of the term 'Diktat' in relation to the Treaty of Versailles?


  It referred to the treaty being forced upon Germany without negotiation
• What was the outcome of the Vilna dispute in 1920-21?


  The League did nothing to help Lithuania against Poland
• What happened to the city of Danzig as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?


  Danzig was taken from Germany
• What was the result of the Upper Silesia plebiscite?


  The League split Upper Silesia based on the voting results
• What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany's territory?


  Germany lost 13% of its land
• How did the Treaty of Versailles affect the political landscape in Europe?


  It left countries vulnerable and created instability
• What were the strengths of the Treaty of Versailles according to some historians?


  It helped rebuild war-torn areas and granted independence to new countries
• What were the weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles?


  It was seen as too harsh and led to future conflicts
• How did the League respond to the Corfu incident in 1923?


  The League condemned Mussolini but could not enforce justice