cloning&meiosis

• what is cloning and what can it be done by

  -a genetically identical copy

  -asexual reproduction, artificial cloning
• what are the two ways you can clone a plant

  -cutting-take cutting of plant then plant this in the ground(might need a hormone to help it grow)

  -grafting-put a cutting of plant on an already growing plant and will join together and grow
• how do you clone an animal 


  -take nucleus of body cell from animal you want to clone and egg from another animal

  -inject nucleus into empty egg cell

  -divides to make embryo identical to animal from start
• what is the problem with cloned animals

  that usually have more health problems and live shorter lives
• how are gamete’s made

  meiosis
• what is meiosis 


  -diploid body cells divide to make haploid gametes, all gamete cells are genetically different from each other and from parent cells -4 cells each with one copy of chromosomes from pair
• how does meiosis happen 


  -before division, the cells duplicate the genetic information(each exact copy’s of each other)

  -first division, pairs line up in centre of cell

  -pairs pulled apart so each new cell only has one copy of each chromosome

  -second division, chromosomes line up again in centre of cell and are pulled apart

  -left with 4 gametes, each with only a single set of chromosomes in all genetically different
• what are similarities between mitosis and meiosis 


  -starts with diploid cell

  -chromosomes copied before
• what are differences between mitosis and meiosis


  -meiosis is 2 divisions

  -4 haploid gametes made

  -in meiosis 4 genetically different cells are made