observations

• define- observations


  researchers watching and recording behaviour
• define controlled observations


  aspects of enviroments are controlled, attempt to give pps the same experience- NOT a natural setting
• naturalsit observation


  natural behaviuor, no controll over EVs
• overt observations


  pp know they are being observed
• adavantage of overt observations

  ethical as pps know there being observed
• disadvantage of overt observations

  not natural- may produce un natural beahviour
• covert observations


  pps don't know their being observed - produces natural behaviour
• disadvantges of covert observations

  pps don't know their being observed - unethical, fix with retrospective consent
• participant observations


  researchers become involved

  positve-provides in depth data

  negatives- loss of objectivity
• non participant observations


  researcher remains seperate

  positive-keeps objectiivity

  negative-loss of detail in the data
• time observations


  observe at any given time intervals

  BUT may miss behaviour
• event smapling observations


  observe ALL behaviour BUT may be tricky to keep track of all behaviour.
• define- inter observer reliability


  the extent to which observers agree