Water

• Water stress


  when the demand for water exceeds supply in certain periods, or when the quality is too poor.
• Water insecurity


  when water availability is insufficient to ensure the good health and livelihood of a population
• Water transfer


  matching supply with demand by moving water from an area with a surplus to an area of deficit
• An area in the UK that has water deficit

  South east
• Greywater


  waste water from the household that can be recycled
• Food production requires a large amount of water to keep crops well irrigated.
• Underground storage

  • reduces water loss due to evaporation
  • works for infrequent rainfall
• Dams and reservoir

  • dams control the river flow and can reduce the risk of flooding.
  • electricity can be generated using the dam
• Water transfer schemes

  • supplies large urban cities, were there isn't room to build large reservoirs.
  • for countries with surplus water, water trade can be very profitable
• Desalination

  • increase the volume of freshwater available
  • new research uses graphene to make small scale desalination filters for households.
• groundwater management

  • reduces the risk of water being consumed and not replaced naturally
  • reduces the risk of contamination.
• Recycling

  • re-using water in industries can save many gallons of fresh water
  • sewage in fish farming boost algae
• Water management in the UK

  • Increasing the amount of clean water available in areas of low rainfall
  • reducing waste and improving water efficiency of households.
  • monitoring and protecting clean water supplies from pollution.