Cardiac and Conduction Cycle

• What type of blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery?

  Deoxygenated blood
• How does deoxygenated blood return to the heart?


  Through the vena cava
• What type of blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein?


  Oxygenated blood
• What is the function of the aorta in the circulatory system?


  It pumps oxygenated blood at high pressure from the heart to the body
• What does the pulmonary circulation carry?


  • Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
  • Oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart, ready to be pumped out to the body
• What does the systemic circulation carry?


  • Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the arteries
  • Deoxygenated blood back to the heart through the veins
• What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?


  Delivering oxygen to muscle tissues for respiration
• What components make up the cardiovascular system?


  The heart, blood vessels, and blood
• From which side of the heart does oxygenated blood exit?

  The left side of the heart
• What circulatory system transports oxygenated blood to muscle tissues?

  The systemic circulatory system
• What happens to deoxygenated blood after it returns to the right side of the heart?


  It travels to the lungs to take on more oxygen
• What is the role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?


  It acts as a dual-action pump
• What are the top two chambers of the heart called?

  Atria
• What is the function of the atria in the heart?


  They receive blood from the circulatory systems
• What are the bottom two chambers of the heart known as?

  Ventricles
• What do the ventricles do in the heart?


  They receive blood from the atria to pump onwards
• What is the process of blood circulation in the cardiovascular system?


  • Oxygenated blood exits the left side of the heart
  • Blood is transported to muscle tissues via the systemic circulatory system
  • Oxygen is released to the muscles
  • Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart
  • Blood travels to the lungs via the pulmonary circulatory system
  • The process continues
• What is the primary function of the heart?


  To transport blood around the body
• How do the right and left sides of the heart function during contraction?

  They contract simultaneously to deliver blood to two circulatory systems
• What circulatory system does the right side of the heart supply blood to?


  The pulmonary circulatory system
• What circulatory system does the left side of the heart supply blood to?

  The systemic circulatory system
• What controls the cardiac cycle?


  The conduction system of the heart
• What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

  • Atrial Systole: Atria contract to push blood into ventricles
  • Ventricular Systole: Ventricles contract to eject blood into arteries
  • Diastole: Relaxation phase where blood enters the atria
• What does it mean that the heart is myogenic?


  It means the heart can generate its own electrical impulse
• What occurs during atrial systole?


  Both atria contract to force blood into the ventricles
• How is the electrical impulse transmitted in the heart?


  It is transmitted through the cardiac muscle to stimulate contraction
• What valves are involved during atrial systole?

  The bicuspid and tricuspid valves
• Which node initiates the electrical impulse in the heart?

  The sino-atrial (SA) node
• What happens during ventricular systole?


  Both ventricles contract to eject blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta
• What happens to the impulse after it is initiated by the SA node?


  It is transported through both atria to the AV node
• What is the purpose of the diastole phase in the cardiac cycle?


  It allows blood to enter the atria from the vena cava and pulmonary vein
• What does the activation of the AV node cause?


  It causes atrial systole
• What is the role of the vena cava and pulmonary vein during diastole?


  They supply blood to the atria
• What occurs during atrial systole?


  Blood is ejected out of both atria and into the ventricles
• What does the AV node do after receiving the impulse?


  It delays the impulse briefly before releasing it
• What is the next structure the impulse travels to after the AV node?

  The bundle of His
• What happens to the impulse in the bundle of His?


  It splits down the left and right bundle branches
• What are the final structures the impulse reaches before ventricular contraction?

  The Purkinje fibres
• What occurs when the impulse reaches the Purkinje fibres?


  Both ventricles contract, ejecting blood into the circulatory systems
• What happens after the ventricles contract?


  There is a brief break where no impulse is generated