Enzymes

    Cards (17)

    • What are enzymes?

      Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
      • Enzymes have an active site
      • The substrate fits into the active site
      • The enzymes break down the substrate into the products
      • The substrate no longer fits into the active site
      • So the enzyme cannot break down the substrate
      • Enzymes are specific as the substrate must fit perfectly into the active site
      • -> lock and key theory
    • Enzymes help to break down large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules
    • Enzymes have an optimum temperature and pH level
    • What will happen to the reaction rate if it is below optimum temperature? 

      The reaction rate will be slower
    • What happens if the temperature is to high?

      Enzymes are denatured (damaged)
    • starch -> amylase -> glucose
    • protein -> protease -> amino acids
    • fats -> lipase -> fatty acids + glycerol
    • Where is amylase made?

      Salivary glands, pancreas & small intestine
    • Where are proteases made?

      Pancreas, stomach & small intestine
    • Where are lipases made?

      Pancreas and small intestine
    • Where is bile made?

      In the liver
    • What does bile do?

      Bile emulsifies fats
      • means that bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets with a high surface area
    • Where is bile stored?

      In the gall bladder
    • The bile is alkaline and neutralises the hydrochloric acid from the stomach
    • reaction rate = volume of product/time