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Paper 1
(2) Organisation
Enzymes
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Created by
Keira-Jasmin Rakar
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Cards (17)
What are
enzymes
?
Enzymes are
biological
catalysts
that speed up chemical reactions
Enzymes
have an
active site
The
substrate
fits into the active site
The enzymes break down the substrate into the
products
The substrate no longer fits into the active site
So the enzyme cannot break down the substrate
Enzymes are specific as the substrate must fit perfectly into the active site
->
lock and key theory
Enzymes
help to break down large,
insoluble
molecules into smaller, soluble molecules
Enzymes
have an
optimum
temperature
and
pH
level
What will happen to the
reaction rate
if it is below
optimum temperature
?
The reaction rate will be slower
What happens if the
temperature
is to high?
Enzymes are
denatured
(damaged)
starch ->
amylase
->
glucose
protein
->
protease
->
amino acids
fats ->
lipase
->
fatty acids
+ glycerol
Where is
amylase
made?
Salivary glands
,
pancreas
&
small intestine
Where are
proteases
made?
Pancreas
,
stomach
&
small intestine
Where are
lipases
made?
Pancreas
and
small intestine
Where is
bile
made?
In the
liver
What does
bile
do?
Bile
emulsifies
fats
means that bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets with a high surface area
Where is
bile
stored?
In the
gall bladder
The
bile
is alkaline and neutralises the
hydrochloric acid
from the stomach
reaction rate
=
volume of product
/time