Cell division

Cards (66)

  • Why must cell division occur in multicellular organisms?

    To grow and replace damaged or worn out tissue
  • What happens to specialized cells in terms of the cell cycle?

    Many specialized cells only go through the cell cycle once and must be replaced by stem cells
  • What are the two types of cell division in eukaryotic cells?
    Mitosis and meiosis
  • What does mitosis produce?

    2 genetically identical diploid body cells
  • What does meiosis produce?

    4 genetically different haploid gametes
  • What is the role of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

    It is for growth, replacement of lost cells, and repairing damaged tissue
  • How does mitosis relate to cancerous tumors?

    Mitosis is how cancerous tumors form
  • What is the function of meiosis in multicellular organisms?

    It produces haploid sex cells for sexual reproduction
  • What are the three key stages of the cell cycle?

    • Interphase (G1, S, G2)
    • Nuclear Division (mitosis or meiosis)
    • Cytokinesis
  • What is the majority of the cell cycle spent in?

    Interphase
  • What occurs during interphase?

    The cell grows and DNA is replicated
  • What happens to DNA during interphase?

    The DNA is uncondensed and replicated, doubling the amount
  • Why is ATP production increased during interphase?

    Energy is required for cell division
  • What are the three stages of interphase?
    • G1 (gap 1) phase: cell elongates, new organelles and proteins are made
    • S (synthesis) phase: cell replicates its DNA
    • G2 (gap 2) phase: cell continues to elongate, proteins for cell division are made
  • What is nuclear division?

    Nuclear division can be either mitosis or meiosis
  • What is cytokinesis?

    The final stage where the cytoplasm divides to create new cells
  • What is the purpose of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?

    To create new cells by dividing the cytoplasm
  • What is the main topic of Miss Estri's biology video?
    The cell cycle, mitosis, and the mitotic index
  • What type of cells does the video focus on regarding cell division?
    Eukaryotic cells
  • What is the alternative to mitosis mentioned in the video?
    Meiosis
  • How do prokaryotic cells replicate?
    By binary fission
  • How do viruses replicate?
    By injecting their nucleic acid into host cells
  • What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
    • Interphase (G1, S, G2)
    • Nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis)
    • Cytokinesis
  • What percentage of the cell cycle is typically interphase?
    About 90% or longer
  • What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?
    All organelles double and the cell grows in size
  • What occurs during the S phase of interphase?
    DNA replication happens
  • What is the purpose of the G2 phase in interphase?
    It is a growth and error-checking stage
  • What happens if a mutation is detected during the G2 phase?
    The cell is destroyed to prevent potential harm
  • What are the four key stages of mitosis?
    1. Prophase
    2. Metaphase
    3. Anaphase
    4. Telophase
  • How many rounds of division occur during mitosis?
    One round of division
  • What type of cells are produced by mitosis?
    Genetically identical diploid cells
  • What is a specific example of mitosis in action mentioned in the video?
    Clonal expansion and differentiation of B cells in immunity
  • What happens to chromosomes during prophase?
    • Chromosomes condense and become visible
    • Centrioles move to opposite poles
    • Nuclear envelope starts to disintegrate
  • What occurs during metaphase?
    • Chromosomes align along the equator (metaphase plate)
    • Spindle fibers attach to chromatids and centromeres
  • What happens during anaphase?
    • Spindle fibers retract, putting tension on centromeres
    • Centromeres divide, pulling chromatids to opposite poles
    • Requires ATP
  • What occurs during telophase?
    • Chromosomes become longer and thinner
    • Spindle fibers disintegrate
    • Nuclear envelope reforms
  • What is cytokinesis?
    The splitting of the cytoplasm to form two new cells
  • What is the mitotic index?
    The ratio of cells in mitosis to the total number of cells
  • How do you calculate the mitotic index?
    By dividing the number of cells in mitosis by the total number of cells in one field of view
  • In the example given, how many complete cells are visible?
    Six complete cells