Bandura

• What was the background of Bandura et al 


  at the time of the study televisions were just becoming available to the masses and people wanted to understand how children learnt and imitated behaviour so that things they saw on the TV wouldn’t affect them
• What was the aim of Bandura et al?


  to see where the children would imitate adult behaviour when given the opportunity, even if they saw these behaviours in a different environment and the original model they observed was no longer present. Specifically, it was aggressive behaviour that Bandura was interested in
• What was the sample of Bandura et al?


  72 children

  3 to 5 years old
• What was the sampling method of Bandura et al? 


  opportunity sampling from Stanford University Nursery
• How did Bandura split up his participants?


  Matched participants design
• What is matched participants design?


  The children were given a score of 20 based on things like aggression levels. They were then put into groups to reduce the effect of extraneous variables.
• how long was stage one?

  10 minutes
• What happened in stage one For the aggressive model?


  Each child was taken one by one to play with toys like prints and spinning tops. The model sat another table played with the tinker toys for one minute then turn to the bobo doll. They use the mullet, kicked it and threw it. Then used novel verbal aggression like “sock him on the nose“
• Why did the aggressive models use novel verbal aggression?


  Because then the experimenters knew that the children were imitating the verbal aggression of the model and not of other things theyve heard.
• What happened in stage one for the non-aggressive model group?


  each child was taken one by one to play with the toys, potato prints and spinning tops. The model sits at the other table plays with the tinker toys and ignores the bobo doll, mallet, etc.
• What happened in stage one for the control group?


  The control group had no prior exposure to the adult models
• What happened in stage two?


  The children were taken into a room with lots of fun toys, but after two minutes, the research came back and told them they’re only for special children and moves them along. This made the children frustrated.
• how long was stage two?

  Two minutes
• What happened in stage three?

  All children were taken back to the experimental room one by one and observed by the male model through a one-way mirror. A record was made every five seconds for 20 minutes. Three behaviours were observed.
• what were the three behaviours observed in stage three?

  -Imitative behaviour of physical verbal aggression

  -Partial imitative behaviour of aggression

  -Novel aggressive behaviour
• Was the boys physical aggressive behaviour affected by the aggressive model?

  Yes. Boys who saw an aggressive model showed the meaning of 25.8 physical aggressive acts whereas boys who saw the non-aggressive model showed demean 0.2 to 1.5 physical aggressive acts.
• Was the girls verbal aggressive behaviour affected by the aggressive model?

  Yes. Girls who saw an aggressive model showed 13.7 verbal aggressive acts whereas girls who saw the non-aggressive model showed zero verbal aggressive acts
• Give two examples of comments made by the children in this study


  “Sock him in the nose”

  “Hit him down”
• What would Bandur conclude about how children might learn aggressive behaviour?


  He may conclude children learn aggressive behaviour through social learning theory – observation and imitation of a role model
• give two strengths of Banduras study 


  -Participants in each condition were treated the same to reduce extraneous variables

  -There was no gender bias in the sample

  -Opportunity sampling is quick and easy

  -Control group used for increased validity
• Give two weaknesses of Banduras study


  -unethical

  -Low ecological validity

  -Low generalisability